74 pages • 2 hours read
Leslie Marmon SilkoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Tayo and Betonie finish the Scalp Ceremony. Betonie tells him that in order to truly complete the ceremony, he must find a woman, a mountain range, and certain constellations. Tayo realizes he needs to find his uncle’s stolen cattle to set himself right again. He sets out to find his cattle and the remainder of his ceremony.
Harley and Leroy waylay Tayo and convince him to go drinking with a woman they recently met, Helen Jean. Tayo wants to leave but can’t resist his friends, so he accepts. In the bar, the narrative perspective shifts to Helen Jean. She is disillusioned with the Indigenous veterans and their inability to move on from their glory days. She reflects on her time as a sex worker scraping a living for herself and her family. She grows fed up with the veterans’ behavior and leaves the bar with another group of men.
The perspective switches back to Tayo, who has passed out drinking and comes to when the bartender shakes him. He learns Harley and Leroy got into a fight with the other men over Helen Jean and were hurt badly. Tayo drives them home and then walks back to his own place.
A verse section details the story of the Gambler, a witchery practitioner who dupes people into gambling away everything they own. The Gambler steals the rain clouds and locks them in his house so that the Sun must gamble with him to restore rain to the world. Thought-Mother gives Sun advice before he engages in the Gambler’s rigged game, and the Sun wins the rain clouds back, ending a drought.
Tayo sets off to find his cattle in earnest. While tracking them, he encounters a woman named Ts’eh. She invites him inside for the night and feeds him, and the two have a sexual encounter. He realizes that he can see Betonie’s constellation from her window.
Meanwhile, Hummingbird and Fly visit Caterpillar to acquire tobacco for Buzzard. With the tobacco in hand, they only need to visit Buzzard once more to save their town.
Tayo sets off the next morning and realizes the mountain, stars, and woman have led him to the right place. Tayo spots his cattle herd on the ranch of a white man named Floyd Lee. Floyd has an expensive, hi-tech fence designed to keep people off his property. Tayo cuts open the fence to rescue his cattle while ruminating on the destruction of Mount Taylor by white people in the name of profit. He illegally enters Floyd’s property and begins hunting for his cattle.
Panic and hunger cause Tayo to fall off his horse, where he meets a mountain lion (who is a legendary hunter in his animal form). Tayo speaks briefly to him before he disappears and then honors Mountain Lion by leaving pollen in his tracks. Tayo spots the cattle and herds them back to the cut he made in the fence. Before he can escape, he’s captured by patrolmen who begin to haul him away for trespassing. However, when the patrolmen spot Mountain Lion, they jump at the opportunity to hunt the animal. They race off, forgetting about Tayo and allowing him to escape.
Once back outside the fence, Tayo meets Mountain Lion in his human form, carrying a deer he has hunted. Tayo follows him back to Ts’eh’s home.
Pages 129-192 build up to the first of two climactic scenes within Ceremony. The first centers on Tayo’s journey to rescue his cattle and achieve Josiah’s dreams, which Pages 193-244 will complicate by introducing Emo as a major antagonist in the same vein of Floyd Lee. In the meantime, Tayo’s return to drinking represents the temptation of witchery and the urge to become a destroyer—i.e., to ally oneself with the forces of colonialism, if only by destroying oneself. Tayo even wonders, “How much longer would they last?” (156), including himself in the question and thus signaling that he and the other veterans are one and the same: alienated and waiting for death. The relative privilege they enjoyed during service only deepens their resentment at their marginalization as Indigenous Americans, but for the most part they do not recognize how colonialist thinking has warped their own mindset. Tayo’s ability to see the social structures responsible for this situation is the only thing that separates him from the other veterans.
Tayo’s relationship with Ts’eh also helps him grow as a person, much as his earlier encounter with Night Swan did. Both women give Tayo invaluable insight into life. What’s more, Ts’eh initiates their relationship, reflecting the matriarchal values of Laguna Pueblo culture: She invites him inside, feeds him, and lets him sleep in her bed.
After their first sexual encounter, Tayo sings a song welcoming a new day and praising the beauty of the sunrise. The coming of a new day brings everything together yet changes everything: “The instant of dawn was an event which in a single moment gathered all things together […] celebrating this coming” (169). The sunrise is thus a symbol of change and interconnectedness, explaining why it appears at this turning point in Tayo’s life: Tayo has a purpose (realizing his uncle’s dream), and Ts’eh is integral to Tayo’s goals. The song of sunrise also associates Tayo’s healing with The Power of Stories. Tayo needs stories, songs, and ceremony to recover from the effects of witchery.
By Leslie Marmon Silko