46 pages • 1 hour read
Cormac McCarthyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
John Grady discovers the body of a dead calf. With Billy, he debates the cause of the calf’s death. Billy believes dogs killed the calf. Over the coming days, they find more dead calves. They lay traps for the dogs, but the dogs avoid the traps and continue killing calves. They camp, and, the next day, they find a freshly killed calf.
A few days later, they take a pack of hunting dogs to find the dogs that are killing the calves. They pick up the scent, and the dogs howl and bark at one another. The hunting dogs chase the wild dogs out of their shelter. John Grady catches and kills one, while the other cowboys run down the other wild dogs. As the remaining wild dogs seek to escape, Billy and John Grady ride their horses to try and intercept them. They reach a thin rock shelf so narrow that Billy’s horse refuses to pass through. John Grady swaps horses with Billy and eases the horse through the thin gap, draping his coat over the horse’s eyes. They chase down the wild dogs, decapitating one when they try to lasso it simultaneously. Eventually, all the wild dogs are caught and killed. They head home, still missing one of the hunting dogs.
The next morning, John Grady wakes Billy early to search for the puppies left behind by the wild dogs. Billy reluctantly agrees to join his friend. They follow the dog tracks on the dried ground, and eventually, they hear the puppies. However, the den is hidden beneath a huge rock. Billy does not believe they can reach the dogs, but John Grady insists that they try. He fashions a pulley system using ropes, a tree, and the horses. They uncover the puppies and take them back to the ranch.
John Grady begins to repair the rundown cabin. He works long hours on the ranch and does what he can in the evenings while also raising a wild puppy. Billy visits him in January and helps him to paint the wooden door. After, they talk, and John Grady admits that he has not seen Magdalena for three weeks.
Josefina and the one-eyed maid dress Magdalena in traditional Mexican clothing. Eduardo appears at the door and dismisses the two older women until he is alone with Magdalena. When he asks, she admits that God does not reply to her prayers. He demands that she look him in the eyes, but she makes her eyes “opaque” (126) and stares through him. That night, she has an epileptic fit while with a client. Tiburcio pushes into the room and places his leather belt between her teeth. Telling the client to leave, Tiburcio stares at Magdalena’s naked, shivering body and thinks to himself that she is “nothing” (126).
John Grady talks to Mr Johnson before heading to El Paso. They discuss Mr Johnson’s experiences with drinking and violence in the past; he never married, though there was once a woman he loved. She died, like many other people he once knew. Mr Johnson admits that he misses “the old range life” (129). When John Grady reaches Juarez, he talks to the shoeshine boy again. He confirms that he plans to marry Magdalena and then heads to a bar to meet the blind piano player. John Grady explains his situation with Magdalena to the old man, asking him to take on the role of the woman’s “padrino” (131) or godfather during the wedding ceremony. The old man discusses the importance of the padrino in Mexican culture. He tells an unhappy story about a man who asked his mortal enemy to become the padrino to his son. When John Grady says that he “would die” (135) for Magdalena, the old man tells him that Eduardo is also in love with her. When John Grady mentions that the one-eyed maid has told Magdalena that she will be married, the piano player tells him that the maid is Tiburcio’s mother. The old blind piano player declines the offer to become padrino because he believes that Eduardo will inevitably kill Magdalena, and he cannot bear this responsibility.
John Grady returns to his small cabin and continues the renovation work. He brings the furniture into the cabin, which is now almost ready.
At breakfast, John Grady chats to Oren about marriage. Oren’s marriage did not end well, but he does not regret getting married. After, John Grady fetches the puppy from the barn and takes it back to his bunk room. He calls out to Billy, and they wish each other goodnight. He lays in bed and listens to the wind, reminding him of his childhood. The following day, he dresses in a new suit as Billy watches and then crosses to the house for breakfast.
John Grady meets Magdalena in Juarez for “the last time” (141). After having sex in a hotel room, they lay in bed, and John Grady tells Magdalena his life story. He tells her about his plan to get her across the border, where he has a friend waiting with the “documents necessary for her to cross” (142). They declare their love for one another again, and then she leaves. He watches her from the window and then lays on the bed.
Musicians accompany a funeral procession through the streets, headed by the blind piano player. Magdalena is riding in a taxi. The car stops to allow the procession to pass. After watching for a moment and crossing herself, Magdalena suffers an epileptic fit in the back of the cab.
Magdalena wakes up strapped to a metal table in a hospital. A nurse loosens her straps, and Magdalena exits the hospital. She wanders the streets in her thin white shirt; men speak obscenely to her, so she avoids them and walks through the city. A passing woman takes pity on Magdalena and invites the suffering girl into her home. Magdalena declines the offer, explaining that “in three days’ time the boy she loved would come to marry her” (145). Magdalena continues through the city until she returns to her home. Eduardo’s car is gone. She enters the White Lake.
Eduardo stands in a room in the White Lake in his expensive clothes while Magdalena sits on the bed in an outfit he has provided for her. He lists the many ways in which she has betrayed him. She has nothing to say in response. He accuses her of being spoiled and superstitious. She admits that she has not told John Grady about her epilepsy.
John Grady and Mac finish a game of chess. They discuss the plans for John Grady’s marriage to Magdalena. Mac gives John Grady his dead wife’s ring to use during the ceremony. He refuses to take no for an answer. John Grady accepts the gift.
Billy and John Grady take the horses into the upper hills of the plain. They talk about their visits to Mexico and their experiences as cowboys. Billy tells John Grady that he has “an outlaw heart” (150), though John Grady is surprised by this description. With the changing state of modern times, John Grady suggests that the only future for the cowboy way of life will be in Mexico. He says he is “willin to risk” (151) everything to get what he wants.
On the Sunday before Lent, Magdalena wakes early and dresses with care. Once ready, she waits. Eventually, she hears the one-eyed maid in the hallway. The maid leads her quietly through the house and uses her keys to let Magdalena into the street; at the doorway, Magdalena hands money to the old woman, but the old woman grabs her arm and begs her not to go. Magdalena wrestles away and sets out into the street, heading to where she has agreed to meet John Grady’s friend. She waits in a café and drinks coffee. Eventually, a taxi arrives outside. The driver tells her that John Grady’s friend Ramon could not come, and he claims to be Ramon’s cousin. Magdalena is reluctant to go with him, but the driver describes John Grady well enough to satisfy her. He gives her a green card with her name printed on it. They drive away together in the taxi. After a short drive, they stop beside the river. In the morning light, Magdalena sees “the smiling Tiburcio” (154) waiting for her.
John Grady wakes before dawn and goes to where he has agreed to meet Magdalena. Sitting in his truck, he waits for hours. Eventually, he grows tired of waiting and drives away.
Billy remains loyal to his friend John Grady throughout Cities of the Plain. He understands that his friend is in love, but he cautions him on numerous occasions that his attempts to bring Magdalena back across the border are sure to end tragically. However, Billy also understands his friend. He knows that John Grady’s love for Magdalena is not necessarily based on a reasoned idea. As such, there is no way that he can talk John Grady out of the idea. He issues his warning and then agrees to help John Grady because he cannot imagine doing anything else. Billy acts against his better judgment out of loyalty to his friend. This close companionship is a core part of the men’s shared ethos. They are as devoted to one another as they are devoted to their cowboy lifestyle. They cannot imagine living any other way, just as they cannot imagine not helping one another with whatever is required, whether the idea is good or bad. Billy’s devotion to John Grady is similar to John Grady’s love for Magdalena—steadfast, total, and immune to reason or debate.
John Grady renovates the cabin on the plain to demonstrate his renewed optimism. Throughout his life, he has mostly reacted to his circumstances. He did not plan to become a cowboy; he simply saw no other option. He did not plan to live on Mac’s ranch, but he is running out of places to work as a cowboy. John Grady has wandered through life reacting to his immediate requirements and doing whatever the situation demands. He has avoided any thought of his future because doing so would require him to admit that his chosen profession and preferred way of life are not sustainable in a modern world. However, the cabin represents a change of direction and symbolizes how Magdalena has changed John Grady. For the first time, he thinks ahead and factors another person’s requirements into his future. His plan requires him to have a home, so he works on the cabin. With each coat of paint and each piece of restored furniture, he builds a future for himself and the woman he loves. John Grady looks hopefully toward the future and relishes what awaits him.
For all of John Grady’s optimism about his future, he cannot avert the inevitable tragedy of Magdalena’s life. Tiburcio kills Magdalena before she can escape to live with John Grady. Acting on Eduardo’s order, he compounds the brutal tragedy of her life by making her an example to others and turning her death into a cheap demonstration of power. Her murder takes place away from the narrative; the novel portrays the moments leading up to her death and then, like so many people in Magdalena’s life, abandons her at the most crucial moment. Eduardo orders Magdalena to be killed to demonstrate to the other women in his brothel that they cannot escape. He seeks to crush any optimism or hope they might have for a better future so that he can control them and profit from the sale of their bodies. Despite his professed love for Magdalena, Eduardo turns her murder into a cold business decision. His actions illustrate that Magdalena is not unique. She is one of many women under Eduardo’s control; killing her ensures that his business can continue and that no other woman (or man) will dare to challenge his authority. Eduardo claims to love Magdalena, but he is responsible for the brutality of her life and the tragic irrelevance of her death. She may have meant everything to John Grady, but Magdalena is ultimately more valuable to Eduardo as a corpse than as a person.
By Cormac McCarthy