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26 pages 52 minutes read

José Zorrilla y Moral

Don Juan Tenorio

Fiction | Play | Adult | Published in 1844

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Symbols & Motifs

Cloaks and Masks

Cloaks and masks are major symbols in the play. They prevent people from being seen as they are. They allow the characters to hide things and lie to each other. They show people refusing to be their true, authentic selves. For example, when Don Luis comes to get revenge on Don Juan, he comes wrapped in a cloak. Don Juan's servant is not able to identify him to his master. Also, Don Gonzalo dons a mask to hide his identity from Don Juan and Don Luis but, at the same time, he is using it to discover the true character of Don Juan.

Tables

The motif of tables being set for people is another that Zorrilla uses to illustrate what a person deserves. For example, the innkeeper at the beginning sets a specific table for Don Juan and Don Luis. He says, "You'll see, I'm setting a table for them: and if you like I'll place you here, so you can see, then, the meal I'm serving them. Oh I hope the scene will amaze you” (9). He also ferries Don Gonzalo and Don Diego to their tables where they can secretly watch Don Juan and Don Luis. In this way, the innkeeper gives Don Juan what he deserves; he is seen as the person he is by his father and potential father-in-law. In Part II, Don Juan hosts a banquet for his friends. At the banquet, the statue of Don Gonzalo that is haunted by Don Gonzalo himself invites Don Juan to a feast he's set in the cemetery. When Don Juan arrives, the food on the table is a mockery of the food the night before. There are ashes and snakes to eat, and the event is surrounded by ghouls. This shows Don Juan what he's earned and is something Don Gonzalo uses as a way to convince Don Juan to repent.

Snakes and Ashes

Snakes and ashes appear instead of food at the ghostly banquet hosted by Don Gonzalo. They represent Don Juan's eternal reward if he doesn't choose to repent and find forgiveness with God.

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