62 pages • 2 hours read
Percival EverettA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section refers to anti-gay biases, racism, and violence.
Monk drives around the city in Lisa’s car and then visits his mother. He notices that she has a calendar up from the previous year. She tells him that she was burning some papers his father asked her to, and Monk notices her fatigue. She invites him to come back later for dinner. Monk notes that “sharing a language” does not equal sharing “the rules governing the use of that language” (32). Despite what his mother said to him, he senses that she was trying to tell him something different.
Monk recalls that he once showed one of his stories to his father, who was impressed with it. He concludes that “art finds its form and that it is never a mere manifestation of life” (33).
Monk has dinner with Lisa and their mother at home. Lisa tells their mother they must sell their father’s office because of her financial difficulties. Their mother protests but gives in when Monk supports Lisa. Afterward, Lisa drives Monk to his hotel and tells him he is special as she says goodbye.
Inside, he runs into Linda Mallory who asks him to sleep with her, but he declines. Members of the Nouveau Roman Society, including the man who threw his keys at Monk, are at the hotel, too. The man says that postmodern writers have not yet accomplished their goal because people like Monk interrupted them and the culture in general. Monk says they do not make any sense, and the man tries to hit him.
On the flight back to Los Angeles, Monk reads a review of Jenkins’s novel that declares it is a masterpiece of Black literature.
Monk arrives back home in Los Angeles. At night, he has a dream that his sister is trying to tell him something. The next morning, he receives a letter from his agent about another rejection of his latest novel, stating that is “difficult for the market” (42).
Monk’s academic semester ends, and he receives news that he has been promoted to professor. Nevertheless, he is still disappointed about the rejection of his novel. On the phone, his agent tells him he is not “black enough” but Monk cannot see why that matters. Monk mentions Jenkins’s book, calling her a “hack” who cannot write.
Later, Lorraine, his mother’s caretaker, calls Monk and tells him that Lisa is dead—somebody shot her. Monk calls his brother Bill, who has also heard the news, and they agree to meet at their mother’s house. Monk thinks he must go back to Washington and try to understand what Lorraine means and why his sister will not be there. He wonders how sentences can be understood.
Monk recalls when he first realized that his brother was gay. Monk knew their parents would reject him, especially their father. He recalls an incident at a diner when a group of bullies harassed two French men who were a couple. Monk stepped in to defend them, but the men were well-built, and the bullies ran away.
Then, Monk thinks of Lisa. He goes back to Washington, and when he enters his mother’s house, the memories return. Bill tells him that an anti-abortionist shot Lisa. Their mother is at a loss.
Monk goes to his sister’s apartment and finds a box with her wedding ring. At her funeral, everyone is devastated. Later, Monk talks with his brother. Bill lives in Arizona and has separated from his wife after he admitted his sexuality to her. His medical practice is in crisis because everybody knows about his sexuality, and he has great financial debt. After listening to Bill’s problems, Monk realizes that it is now Monk’s responsibility to support his mother and “to live up to the measure of [his] sister” (51).
Monk takes a leave of absence from the university to care for his mother; he thinks that she will soon die, too. At his mother’s house, he watches a talk show on TV on which Jenkins is discussing her book and her life. The show characterizes the book’s language and characters as “real” and “true to life” (53).
Monk discovers that Lisa had debts, too. One third of her practice belongs to him but other doctors are not interested in buying it. Monk needs money so he sends his CV to American University, asking for a job. The chair of the English Department informs him that they will need a lecturer for American literature in the fall.
Monk talks with Lorraine in the kitchen. She used to like him until she saw that he used profanity in his books. He apologizes to her if his books offend her and tells her “it’s art.” He asks if she has any family, and she replies that his family is her only family. Monk asks her if she has any savings and what she will do after his mother dies. Lorraine replies that she will take care of him. Later, Monk’s mother says she misses Lisa and asks Monk when she will come back.
Monk calls his agent and asks if he has any news on his novel. The agent asks him to write something like his older novel. That novel was a “realistic” story about a Black man who becomes a terrorist after his mother dies by suicide; Monk hates that novel.
He sits at his father’s desk, looking at Jenkins’s photograph in Time magazine. He feels agitated and furious. He puts a paper in his father’s typewriter and starts writing a new novel, thinking that he could never sign this new novel with his own name.
In these chapters, the theme of The Complex Relationship Between Language, Identity, and Art recurs as Monk notes the fragmented relationships within his family that impede their ability to communicate with one another. After talking with his mother, who is losing her memory and seems confused, Monk states: “Anyone who speaks to members of his family knows that sharing a language does not mean you share the rules governing the use of that language” (32). While his mother’s failing memory reinforces Monk’s concerns about language’s ability to convey meaning, his thoughts also connect to the family’s lack of understanding being an impediment to communication. Monk thinks that, with his family members, “[n]o matter what is said, something else is meant” (32). While his mother is trying to communicate with him, she cannot, due to language’s inefficacy as well as her distance from Monk.
Monk also confronts Racism in the Publishing Industry and Popular Culture when he runs into the members of the Nouveau Roman Society at his hotel. The man who threw his keys at Monk is exasperated with him because Monk dismisses the idea of postmodern fiction. The man blames authors like Monk for the demise of postmodernism since they interrupted the artistic movement. This accusation shows that many white authors do not consider African American literature as part of postmodernism and view it as a threat to “original” American literature. As an author, Monk protests such views that limit his artistic freedom. To express his frustration, he writes a dialogue between Hitler and an artist that connects with his view on such racist “artistic purists” who seek “badly to control others” (39). On the one hand, Monk deals with accusations like these that lump his work with all of Black literature; but, on the other hand, his agent stresses that Monk’s books are not Black enough. Monk is distressed by the continual rejection of his newest novel since it doesn’t align with the publishing industry’s idea of the type of book a Black author should write.
The theme of Satirizing African American Stereotypes in Literature emerges as Monk reads an excerpt from Jenkins’s novel. The book depicts life in the marginalized “ghetto” as the center of the Black community and depicts characters who use the Black vernacular. Monk feels disturbed because he confronts the reproduction and reinforcement of racist stereotypes by the Black literary community. When he sees the author being praised on TV shows and reviewers deeming the book as an authentic and honest African American novel, Monk’s artistic despair intensifies. He decides to write a parody of “Black narratives” under a pen name, Stagg R. Leigh, and this becomes his writer persona.
By Percival Everett