70 pages • 2 hours read
Charles DickensA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
After the death of Magwitch, Pip falls into deep illness and depression, unable to leave his apartment. Two men come to arrest him for an unpaid debt of 123 pounds. When Pip tries—and fails—to dress himself, however, the men observe his state of extreme physical and mental distress. They refrain from arresting Pip, leaving him to experience feverish nightmares and hallucinations.
In these hallucinations, Pip sees scenes from his life, including the near-death tragedy of Miss Havisham and his own near-death encounter with Orlick. When Joe arrives at Pip’s apartment, Pip initially believes that Joe is a hallucination. Overwhelmed by remorse for neglecting Joe all these years, Pip tries to refuse his kindness, pleading with Joe to strike him and berate him. Joe simply replies that they’ve always been friends.
Joe nurses Pip back to health, bringing a mix of pleasant and bittersweet news from home. Miss Havisham has died and distributed her fortune among Estella, Matthew Pocket, and Pip. She had given Matthew some of her inheritance due to Pip’s account of Matthew. Orlick robbed Mr. Pumblechook and jailed. Biddy has taught Joe to read and write. Pip tries to tell Joe about his sadness over Magwitch’s death, but Joe doesn’t want to hear about these unpleasant experiences.
Eventually, Pip recovers. As he does so, he notes that some of Joe’s softness diminishes, and he can detect some of the sadness and hurt that have built up over his years of absence. One day, Pip wakes to find that Joe has left London. Before leaving, Joe generously paid all of Pip’s debts, leaving a short note that ends, “Ever the best of friends” (1,058). Pip decides to return to his hometown, hoping to marry Biddy and show his gratitude to Joe.
On the way back to his childhood home, Pip stops at Miss Havisham’s old house. The rooms of her house and the belongings within them are tagged for a public auction.
Pip also stops at the Blue Boar, where he runs into Mr. Pumblechook. Even after everything he has been through, Pumblechook is his usual condescending self. Eventually, Pip decides he can’t tolerate being around Mr. Pumblechook for another minute, and he leaves to find Joe and Biddy.
Neither Joe nor Biddy are in the usual respective spaces: the forge or the schoolhouse. Pip finds them at the house which someone has decorated with white curtains and flowers. Biddy happily proclaims that it’s her wedding day, and she has married Joe. Pip feels grateful that he never told Joe about his plans for marrying Biddy. He warmly congratulates her, saying that she has the best husband in the world.
Pip pays off the rest of his debts and decides to take the job with Herbert. He lives frugally and gradually becomes a partner alongside Herbert. The third partner decides he can no longer keep the secret that Pip helped finance the business. Herbert is moved to discover Pip’s generosity.
After 11 years in Cairo, Pip returns to England. He visits Biddy and Joe to find that they’ve had a child and named him Pip. Joe expresses the hope that his son will grow up to be much like his namesake. Biddy tells Pip that he should marry and have a family of his own. She asks him if he still thinks of Estella, and Pip says that dream is dead.
Pip visits the empty space where Miss Havisham’s home once was. Though the house and brewery no longer stand, he notices ivy is growing there. He also finds Estella wandering among the ruins. He observes that the “freshness” of her has bone, but she still looks majestic and charming.
Drummle has recently died after years of unhappy marriage, and Estella warmly tells Pip that she has often thought of him. Pip replies that she’s always had a piece of his heart. Estella then tells Pip that she was sad to part from him and hopes that her miserable marriage has made her a better person. She adds that she hopes they can return to their separate lives as friends. Pip takes Estella’s hand, and they leave the ruined landscape of Satis House surrounded by cool mist. Pip reflects that the atmosphere is much the same as the morning when he left Joe’s forge to become a gentleman years ago. He feels that now he will never part from Estella.
In the final chapters of Great Expectations, Miss Havisham seeks forgiveness beyond the grave by generously dispersing her fortune. She wills money to Pip, Estella, and Matthew Pocket, demonstrating that she forgives him for speaking out against Compeyson so many years ago and affirming how highly she always valued Pip’s opinion of people.
The death of Miss Havisham also allows Pip and Estella to reunite. With Satis House, and the symbolic wealth connected to it gone, Pip and Estella are able to connect beyond the shadows of greed, shame, and ambition that formerly motivated them. Estella chooses a partner free from Miss Havisham’s vengeful plotting, and Pip is no longer bound to the rules of a benefactor. The final paragraph of the novel significantly compares the atmosphere surrounding them to the day when Pip first left the forge, suggesting that he and Estella will now be able to complete a process that began long ago. After being “bent and broken […] into a better shape” (1,086), Estella is finally able to become a fully-fledged lady, and Pip becomes an honest gentleman.
By Charles Dickens