49 pages • 1 hour read
Matt de la PeñaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Kidd is the story’s narrator and struggles with mental health conditions. He provides a detailed account of pushing Devon off a cliff. However, there are clues that his narration is unreliable, such as when his deceased mother implores him to remember. This suggests that part of the story is missing. Kidd constantly questions whether he did the right thing; this suggests that he worries that his memory is flawed.
Kidd’s unreliable narration is in part due to his mental health struggles. After his parents’ deaths, Kidd was left alone: “They put me in Horizons after my mom died ‘cause they said I had post-traumatic stress. They believed it was the reason I was always so tired and confused and bad to myself” (12). Suffering from PTSD, Kidd experiences exhaustion and confusion, which impact his daily life and memory. Kidd suffers from a negative self-perception. For example, he longs to tell Olivia in a dream: “You’re too smart and talented and beautiful to wait for someone like me. I don’t deserve to be sitting next to you” (61). When he lists Olivia’s positive attributes, he implies that he does not share them and, consequently, is not worthy of her. He also feels unworthy of Red’s mentorship and says he hates himself.
Kidd is conflicted between doing the right thing and giving in to his impulsive, dangerous side. His vulnerability and loneliness contribute to this internal battle.. In answer to this struggle, he literally separates the violent, negative parts of himself into another person, Devon. Devon represents the id, which Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, labeled as the primal part of the human psyche.
Kidd knows that his vulnerability and loneliness tether him to Devon. He realizes that Devon is toxic but longs for human connection: “So many times I wished Devon wasn’t my friend ‘cause of all the bad stuff I end up doing when he’s around [...] But then other times when I’d think how good it is to be with another person so you don’t have to feel lonely” (46).
Kidd’s instinct is to protect those he loves, but sometimes this comes at a cost. For example, as Devon, he brutally beats the college kids who harass him and Olivia. Instead of reasoning with them or walking out of harm’s way, he chooses the violent path.
Despite these struggles, Kidd learns to trust himself and to think positively. In his final journal entry, he notes how lucky he is because he met Olivia and got to spend time with her. Knowing her has allowed him to view himself in a different light: “It’s made me feel like I mean something in the world. And how maybe I could even have a future. Like regular people. Like a regular person” (306). His shift in thinking marks healing and a new beginning. For the first time, he can think about the future positively instead of as an impossibility. He considers himself on an equal plane with other people. Although he lies in a hospital bed recovering from a suicide attempt, he is finally rid of the torment imposed by the Devon inside of him.
Devon is a part of Kidd’s personality. This is never stated explicitly until Kidd wakes in the hospital and reflects on what his therapist had told him: “She’s telling me to remember [...] when we worked so hard to limit Devon’s presence. When she had me go to him inside my mind, tell him I had to live my own separate life” (302). Kidd needs to enter his mind to distance himself from Devon; this clarifies that Kidd’s “friend” is not an actual person. There are hints of this earlier in the book. For example, no one else ever sees Devon or talks about him. Additionally, after he pushes Devon, he describes how he, Kidd, is lying motionless in the sand.
Devon is a dangerous, impulsive persona. He serves as an alter ego to the quiet, respectful person that Kidd strives to be, and expresses the behavior and feelings that Kidd is too ashamed to. Kidd recalls his therapist’s explanation of Devon as someone who “had a strong death drive, which made him do risky, self-destructive things because, unconsciously, he thought ending his life was the only way to restore order in his idea of the world” (81). This manifests in dangerous behaviors like playing chicken with a speeding train, instigating physical fights, and swimming in a riptide. It also manifests as suicide attempts, like swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.
In spite of Devon’s criminal and cruel behavior, Kidd is drawn to this side of himself. For example, after Devon arrives on Kidd’s first day at Horizons, Kidd thinks: “If Devon never walked in that night [...] maybe you never would’ve known what your mom did for you or about the evil in your genes. Or the new person you had to become” (185). Although Devon brings many problems and dangers, Kidd acknowledges that without this side of himself, he may never have read his mother’s letter and learned how much she loved him or realized how desperately he needed to start over.
Red is a surfer in his thirties who runs the campground. He is a flawed but compassionate man who tries to model his values: honesty and kindness. When Kidd first arrives, Red hires him to work maintenance, recognizing that the boy needs stability. Not long after, Red reveals that he is not monogamous with women, a trait some would consider a flaw, but one he is honest about. Although he seems to have a carefree life, he is fighting his own demons, particularly the grief of losing his son and the addiction to alcohol that ensued. He makes mistakes but owns up to them, and he shares his experiences with Kidd to model that no one is perfect.
Red illustrates The Power of Human Connection. After he goes on his drinking binge, he says: “‘A guy can’t do everything on his own, Kidd. That’s what I realized. Sometimes I’m gonna need to lean on friends. Like you and Bill’” (281). He shares his truth: that he needs a support system when the urge to drink is overpowering. Red is honest about what he needs, and, as a result, Kidd learns that it is okay to lean on others.
Red serves as a mentor and father figure to Kidd, dispensing advice and showing care toward the boy. Noting Kidd’s loneliness, Red advises: “‘I think it’s important for people to have friends’” (67). He wants to encourage Kidd to find someone he can lean on.
Kidd is often surprised by how much Red cares for him. After the riptide incident, Red tells him: “‘Look, I’m just glad you’re okay. You scared me big guy. I thought I lost you’” (166). His concern about losing Kidd reveals the extent of his love, for he cannot fear losing someone he does not hold close. His fear indicates a parent’s concern. Red also demonstrates love by encouraging Kidd to consider a future working with animals. When Red tells Olivia in the dream that he sees Kidd just like his son, he is noting not just the similarities between the boys, but also his love for Kidd.
Olivia is Kidd’s love interest. She is a wealthy girl who spends the summer at the campsites. She has access to famous piano instructors, trips across the globe, and intensive SAT camps. She also has a rare skin condition that leaves an expanding wine-colored stain on her scalp and face. She feels self-conscious about it and wears a ski-cap year-round to hide the mark. When she tells Kidd about it and shows him the mark, she expresses how people have worse problems than her, but that she cannot help but feel embarrassed. As she says: “‘I actually hate this part of me even more than my face. That I sit around feeling sorry for myself. But I can’t seem to snap out of it’” (233). Despite her self-awareness, Olivia still struggles with her mental health.
In spite of their socioeconomic differences, depression links Olivia and Kidd. After Kidd is immobilized in his tent for days, Olivia tells him: “‘You might not know this about me, [...] But I’ve felt exactly the way you’re feeling now’” (169). Olivia has low self-esteem due to the mark on her face, and refrains from interacting with others. However, she is drawn to Kidd because she recognizes some of herself in him. She illustrates that money does not eliminate heartache, hardship, or self-doubt. She provides insight when she says: “‘The worst scars aren’t even physical. They’re emotional or psychological” and that despite these scars, “‘we keep going’” (170). She highlights the viciousness of emotional pain and validates what Kidd is feeling. Although his scars are not visible, they run deep and are debilitating.
Olivia shows Kidd that there is a way through the pain. By sharing her vulnerability, Olivia demonstrates her care for Kidd. She provides unwavering support by putting her life on hold—specifically a trip to New York to remove the mark on her face—until she knows that Kidd is okay.
By Matt de la Peña