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August WilsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Seth watches Bynum performing a sacrificial ritual with a pigeon in the yard while Bertha cooks breakfast.Seth disapproves of Bynum’s “mumbo-jumbo nonsense” (8). Bertha and Seth discuss his aspirations to open a business for which he has been unable to obtain a loan. Seth learns that Jeremy, one his boarders, was arrested for drunkenness. Bynum and Seth discuss Jeremy’s arrest, which they attribute to his “country” ways, as he is a recent arrival from the south (11). Seth observes that young African-American men heading North “looking for freedom” get “a rude awakening” when they discover that they are competing for jobs with white men (12).
Rutherford Selig, a white peddler known as “the people finder” arrives for his weekly meeting with Seth (12). He sells Seth sheet metal to craft into pots and pans, which Seth then sells back to him the following week. Bynum asks Selig if he has found his “shiny man” yet (13). The “shiny man” appeared to Bynum in a vision to show him “the secret of life,” leading him to his father, who told Bynum he had to find his own song (14). Bynum chose the “Binding Song” to bring people together. If he sees the “shiny man” again, Bynum will know he has “left his mark on life” (15).
Jeremy returns and Seth warns Jeremy that he runs a reputable house.Jeremy insists that the police trumped up the charges to take his money. Bertha reminds Seth that the police often pick up young men without cause. Harold Loomis and his eleven-year-old daughter, Zonia, enter next, looking for a room. Loomis has been on the road searching for his wife Martha. Seth is concerned about Loomis, sensing that “something ain’t right with that fellow” (24). Mattie Campbell enters next, looking for Bynum, whom she asks to bring her man back. Bynum cautions Mattie that if the relationship wasn’t meant to be, then they will both be trapped in unhappiness. Bynum advises her to forget about him, giving her a token to put under her pillow for luck. Mattie and Jeremy cross paths in the doorway and make plans to go out that evening. The scene ends with Zonia playing in the yard with a neighborhood boy, Reuben. Reuben tells Zonia about his friend, Eugene, who died and asked him to set his pigeons free, but instead he sells them to Bynum.
The following Saturday morning, in the kitchen, Seth is discussing his suspicions of Harold Loomis with Bertha again. Seth finds Harold’s behavior unnatural and speculates that he may be planning to rob the church. Bynum passes through the after his morning pigeon sacrifice. Bertha asserts that Bynum is the one Seth should be concerned about. But Seth says he understands Bynum and isn’t worried about his “heebie-jeebie stuff” (36). Seth reveals that Martha had lived there once. Bertha says Martha arrived there in search of Bynum just after she arrived from the South and stayed there for three years, until her church relocated. Seth knows where she is but won’t tell Loomis, for fear of what he might do. Bertha suggests Seth ride out with Selig and tell Martha that Loomis is looking for her, but Seth refuses to get involved. Bynum re-enters the kitchen and assures Seth that Loomis is “just a man got something on his mind” (38). Selig enters the kitchen and Seth negotiates their weekly business transaction. Bynum introduces Loomis to Selig. Selig tells Loomis that his grandfather transported slaves from Africa and his father was a bounty hunter of runaway slaves to establish his credentials. Loomis pays him a dollar to find Martha. Bertha observes that Selig is able to find people because he sells them transportation in his wagon to places along his route. Then Selig charges to tell where he left them, and “that he ain’t never found nobody he ain’t take away” (42).
The next morning, in the kitchen, Seth talks to Bynum about his business plans and loan frustrations. Jeremy enters and announces that Mattie Campbell is going to move in with him. Bynum cautions him about trifling with her, lecturing him on the importance of valuing a woman for more than just her physical attractiveness, as “a woman is everything a man need” (46), while also acknowledging that this is something Jeremy will have to learn on his own. Molly Cunningham enters looking for a room. Seth arranges the room and board with Molly, cautioning her that he runs a respectable house. Jeremy is clearly taken with Molly.
That evening, after dinner, Seth, Bertha and all of their boarders except Loomis are sitting around the kitchen table. Bertha welcomes Mattie to the house. Seth initiates a Juba, an African song and dance. Loomis enters enraged and furiously yells at them to stop, mocking their singing about the Holy Ghost. Loomis stops and tells Seth, “you don’t know what I done seen” (50). With Bynum’s encouragement and probing questions, Loomis describes a vision he had of bones rising out of the water, then walking on top of the water and sinking backing into the water, and washing onto the shore as African-American, flesh-and-blood bodies. The bodies rise and walk, and Loomis tries to get up and walk with Bynum’s urging, but he can’t stand. Loomis collapses on the floor as the lights fade on the end of Act One.
Act One introduces the characters as they pass through Seth and Bertha’s boarding house, mirroring the larger trends of the Great Migration. Married for over twenty-five years and living in the house that belonged to his father, Seth and Bertha know where they belong. Their long-established stability serves as a sharp contrast to the transience of their tenants; the boarding house is the stationary center of the play that the other characters move through,as they seek a place in the world. Fiercely protective of his establishment and its reputation, Seth does not take his stability for granted as he frequently warns his tenants, “Know these is respectable quarters. I don’t put up with no foolishness. Everybody know Seth Holly keep a good house” (18).
Act One also introduces the dominant theme of the play, the long-lasting legacy of slavery. Loomis’ vision of bones rising out the water, then sinking and washing up on shore as bodies, represents the cumulative effect of the slave trade and the crushing burden it places on African-Americans. Another prominent legacy of the African-American experience is the search for identity in the wake of cultural and familial dislocation. Bynum’s vision of the “shiny man” (13) introduces the concept of song as a metaphor for identity. Bynum, the boarder with the most developed sense of identity, has found his song, “the Binding song” (6) which he chose to bring people together. Bynum has found his purpose in life and only needs to see the “shiny man” again to affirm that his “song had been accepted and worked its full power in the world” (15). The other boarders, in various stages of identity formation, arrive at Seth’s from the road in search of something to complete them.
Racial discrimination is another legacy of slavery that the characters confront in Act One. After escaping the severe inequality of the Jim Crow South, African-Americans also encountered discrimination in the North. Seth observes that young men like Jeremy, “[come] up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars looking for freedom. They get a rude awakening” (12). Jeremy, although arrested for drunkenness, had not in fact had the chance to consume any alcohol, reports that the police “snatched hold of us to get two dollars” (18) after the police discovered it was payday. Jeremy also loses his job for refusing to pay a fee to a white man like all the other African-American men did. Seth, too, faces discrimination, as he is unable to obtain a reasonable loan for his business ambitions and is working the night shift until his white boss decides to move him back to days.
By August Wilson