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Edwidge DanticatA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The first story in the collection is presented as a series of letters written between two anonymous lovers. In his letters, the young man describes the horrific conditions onboard his refugee ship from Haiti to Miami, Florida. He is one of 36 refugees on board, including a pregnant 15-year-old girl. The boat is old and full of leaks, which the refugees attempt to repair using tar. The group sings songs and tells stories in order to pass time and distract themselves from the smells of the boat and the unrelenting heat of the sun. His letters become gradually more abstract, as the young man comes to terms with dying far from his lover and Haiti. After a few days, the pregnant girl, Célianne, gives birth; the baby does not cry. As the boat takes on more damage, the passengers begin to throw off unnecessary weight, including dead passengers and clothes. The male narrator realizes that the baby is dead, and wonders why Célianne has not thrown it overboard. He learns that she became pregnant when Tonton Macoute officers entered her house and sexually assaulted her. As the situation grows more desperate, Célianne throws her dead child and herself off the boat. The narrator expresses a belief that he was fated to die at sea and return to Agwé, the Haitian spirit who is patron of the sea.
Meanwhile, his girlfriend struggles to survive the political violence in Haiti. She describes gendered violence against women in their neighborhood, including a neighbor named Madan Roger, whose son was involved in the same political group as the two lovers. The narrator’s father finds tapes of her boyfriend’s radio show, and is physically violent in response. She expresses suicidal ideation, and wishes that the police would kill her rather than assault her. When police return to the home of Madan Roger, the narrator’s father insists that the family hide, and they are forced to listen to the police beat their neighbor to death. The family then flees to a village in the countryside called Ville Rose; on the way, the narrator and her mother stop to buy black cloth to mourn Madan Roger. In Ville Rose, the narrator learns that her father sold their home and all of his possessions in order to keep the police from killing her as retribution for her boyfriend’s political actions. She apologizes to her father, and thanks him for the sacrifices he made to save her life. She spends her time in a banyan forest, where she continues to experience suicidal ideation. As the story ends, the narrator is chased by black butterflies, which she sees as an omen of her boyfriend’s death. Even after she hears news of a boat collapsing in the Bahamas, the narrator refuses to let the butterflies land on her, in an effort to delay what she knows to be true.
The title of the story is a reference to the 1.8 million enslaved Africans who died—either by choice or as a result of perilous conditions at sea—during the Middle Passage, the dangerous journey between Africa and the Americas. Shortly before his death, the anonymous male narrator frames his death as an inevitability, as if his mother “had chosen me to live life eternal, among the children of the deep blue sea, those who have escaped the chains of slavery to form a world beneath the heavens and the blood-drenched earth where you live” (27). The reference to the death of enslaved people in the Middle Passage is both a demonstration of the long legacy of slavery and a reflection of the narrator’s attempt to make sense of his death. By invoking the history of slavery, Edwidge Danticat suggests that the violence the anonymous narrators face in Haiti and beyond can be traced directly to this period of global violence against people of African descent, and is not inevitable. The anonymous narrator uses this history to make sense of his death, which is reframed not as a political tragedy, but as a spiritual return to the sea.
This story demonstrates the theme of Gendered Violence in Haiti. The opening pages of the story suggest that sexual violence against women is pervasive in Haiti: Onboard his refugee ship, the male narrator describes how “white sheets with bright red spots float as our sail” (3). He admits to sexually assaulting his girlfriend, and explains that “sometimes I felt like you wanted to, but I knew you wanted me to respect you. You thought I was testing your will” (3-4). The casual manner in which the narrator admits to sexual assault demonstrates the pervasiveness of gendered violence in Haiti, even in relationships that seem loving. Throughout her letters, the female narrator describes the horrific sexual violence to which Haitian women are subjected; this violence comes not only from the Tonton Macoute, but also at the hands of their own family members, who are forced at gunpoint to assault them. Like many stories in the collection, “Children of the Sea” demonstrates the particular violence women are subjected to in times of political and social turmoil.
By Edwidge Danticat