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50 pages 1 hour read

Elizabeth Strout

Lucy by the Sea

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Book 1, Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 1

Book 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Lucy Barton, a writer, spends late October of 2019 traveling to promote her new book. She is scheduled to go to Italy and Germany in March, 2020, but in December, for no reason that she can point to, she cancels that part of the book tour. As March approaches, someone points out that she is lucky she canceled because they are having “that virus” in Italy. She doesn’t think it will come to New York, but her ex-husband, William Gerhardt, believes differently.

Early in March, William, a parasitologist, asks their daughters, both of whom live in Brooklyn, to leave the city. Their daughter Chrissy and her husband move into William’s parents’ house in Connecticut, but Becka stays in Brooklyn with her husband, Trey. When William explains what he has done to Lucy, she is confused, not understanding the danger of the impending situation.

To convince her of the urgency, he tells her about a friend who contracted the virus and is on a ventilator, but she still does not understand. The next day, William tells her that the friend has died, and asks her to leave New York with him for a few weeks. She agrees, although she still thinks he is overreacting.

Before she leaves the city, Lucy goes to her appointment with her accountant. He is nervous about the virus, and offers her use of the freight elevator so that she will be alone. She declines, surprised, and leaves to get her hair done. When she gets home, a neighbor tells her that their building’s gym is closed because of the virus. That night, William calls to tell her that he will pick her up the next day, and they are going to Maine.

The next day, William is anxious to leave, and she packs hurriedly, thinking she will be home in just a few weeks. William tells her that Bob Burgess, a friend, has helped him rent a house in Crosby, on the coast of Maine. William has masks and plastic gloves in his car.

William is upset that Becka will not leave the city, but consoles himself with the idea that she will work from home soon. Lucy doesn’t understand what makes him think this. When they arrive in Crosby, they go to Bob Burgess’s house to get the keys, and Lucy meets Bob for the first time. He has stocked the kitchen at their house, and asks if they will quarantine for two weeks. Lucy doesn’t understand why he keeps his distance from the car, not even shaking hands. William tells her it is because they have come from New York.

Lucy is uncertain of her decision to come to Maine with William. She feels a little awkward with him, but consoles herself with the fact that it will only be for a few weeks. It is March in Maine, and Lucy can’t seem to warm up—she is cold, which she hates because it reminds her of her childhood in poverty.

A few days later, William tells her that a writer friend has died from the virus. Lucy knows three people who now have it, and several others who think they do, but doctors will not let them come to their office. Lucy calls Becka, who is irritable and overwhelmed. William and Lucy watch the news every night. Lucy sees how the virus is spreading across the country, but still doesn’t believe it can get worse. When Lucy calls her doctor to get prescriptions filled, she asks how long this will continue. He says maybe a year, and Lucy begins to grasp the seriousness of the situation.

The virus explodes in New York City. Lucy and William watch the news every night. Lucy worries about ambulance drivers, bus drivers, and everyone else who comes in contact with so many people. She talks to Becka, who says there is a refrigerated morgue truck parked outside her apartment. She and her husband are under lockdown, and are both working from home now.

Two weeks after they arrive, Bob Burgess comes to the house. William has gone for a walk. Bob sets up two lawn chairs outside, and he and Lucy talk. They both wear masks. He tells her that his wife, Margaret, would have come, but she doesn’t like New Yorkers. He says how he loved Lucy’s memoir, which surprises her. He thinks it is because he grew up in poverty, as she did. He believes that she was writing about class in America, and Lucy is happy that someone understood her message. After Bob leaves, Lucy feels less alone.  

William is still in touch with his estranged wife, Estelle, and their 10-year-old daughter, Bridget. They left the city, too. He is cordial with Estelle, even though she has a new boyfriend. Lucy feels badly for Bridget, but also resents her sometimes.

Book 1, Chapter 2 Summary

During this time, Lucy thinks of her second husband, David, a cellist. She calls her brother and sister in Illinois each week. Her sister works in a nursing home and has five children. Her brother lives in their childhood home, and his daily life is relatively unaffected by the pandemic.

Over time, William and Lucy develop a routine. William cooks, and Lucy cleans up afterward. He orders a coat, sweaters, and sneakers for Lucy. After she opens the package, William tells her to wash her hands. He puts the packages on the porch and washes his hands, too.

Lucy realizes that William was right about the virus, and that she has been lucky. On her walks, she waves to a nearby neighbor, but overall, she and William don’t see anyone. One day, Lucy finds a message on William’s car, telling them to go home. She is frightened, and William is angry.

Book 1, Chapter 3 Summary

During this time, Lucy misses David, but keeps her grief private. William continues to try to work with his lab remotely, but eventually gives up and begins planning for retirement. He keeps busy reading, but Lucy cannot concentrate enough to read. She naps nearly every afternoon. They take turns taking walks, one in the morning and one in the afternoon.

Lucy is anxious, feeling separated from the New York part of her identity, and missing David. She speaks to friends in the city. There seems to be no rhyme or reason as to who gets sick, who recovers, and who dies. She feels like she will never write again.

Book 1, Chapters 1-3 Analysis

Strout’s novel is set during a real historical event—the Covid pandemic—and she needs to orient the reader quickly. Her contemporary audience will understand her references, but future audiences may not. Because of this, Strout must get the story going while anchoring the reader in time and place.

There is also dramatic irony, meaning that the reader understands and knows things that the characters do not. For example, readers know what happens when Covid sweeps the world, but Lucy has no idea what is coming. This sustains tension; readers may anticipate future events when Lucy offers vague glimpses into her personal future.

Unlike Lucy, William “saw it coming” (3). This will be one of William’s roles—to see the pandemic’s true breadth and length, even to foresee that people like Becka will begin to work remotely. His expertise as a parasitologist gives him a scientific perspective, as well as an understanding of how quickly Covid will spread. His use of gloves and masks, which Lucy sees as an overreaction, solidifies his reliability. Readers who have a historical perspective on the pandemic will see that, regardless of Lucy’s opinion, William is the only one in the novel who understands the gravity of the situation. Lucy, on the other hand, doesn’t seem to grasp it until a writer friend in New York dies.

In Chapter 1, Lucy moves from disbelief to understanding. Her journey follows that of many who experienced the pandemic—the gradual, dawning realization that it is real, impactful, and will touch everyone’s lives. Lucy and William are foils, or characters who highlight one another’s traits through contrasting ones. Lucy is a member of the general public who at first cannot believe. William, in contrast, is the scientist who sees the writing on the wall.

Rather than keep these characters in New York, where they can witness everything firsthand, Strout moves them to rural Maine, where they see events from afar. By making them distant observers, Strout offers a more big-picture perspective than Lucy might have had if she had stayed in the city. In making this choice, Strout also brings Lucy to the setting of many of her books, the fictional town of Crosby, Maine. Lucy and William rent their house from Bob Burgess, a character from Strout’s The Burgess Boys (2013), who will become a good friend to Lucy.

Being in Maine also allows Lucy to explore Class Divides in America, a major theme of the novel. Bob tells her and William that his wife, Margaret, has a prejudice against New Yorkers. As he says, “[A] lot of people up here feel that way, that New Yorkers think they’re better than others” (31). This sets up a class division characteristic of the time. Strout underscores this issue again when the sign reading “Get out of here, New Yorkers, Go home” appears on William and Lucy’s car (45). Yet Lucy is not angry with the man who put it there. Instead, she understands.

This highlights one of Lucy’s most fundamental character traits: her willingness to understand. Throughout the novel, Lucy will try to empathize with a wide range of perspectives. Her own childhood with its poverty and abuse gives her particular insight into the anger and discontent of the rural working class.

At the end of Chapter 1, Strout generates tension with Lucy’s statement: “If I had known what was in store for Becka, I would not have felt any resentment at all for Bridget” (36). Unlike Lucy, William, Chrissy, and Michael, Becka has remained in her apartment in Brooklyn. This offers readers another perspective from which to view the pandemic and its specific effect on New York City, as well as making its dangers specific to a character in the book.

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