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Sir Thomas is pleased by Henry’s interest in Fanny and frequently invites the Crawfords and the Grants to Mansfield Park. One evening, the party agrees to play Speculation, a card game similar to Bridge. Neither Fanny nor Lady Bertram have played before, but Henry offers to teach them, sitting between the two women. Fanny quickly grasps the rules but, despite Henry’s tutelage, lacks the ruthlessness required to play the game well. Lady Bertram allows Henry to play her cards for her.
During the game, Henry reveals he has seen Thornton Lacey—the house that will belong to Edmund when he becomes a clergyman. Henry compliments the property and describes elaborate improvements that could be made, including the removal of the farmyard. Edmund asserts that he is happy with the property as it is and hopes those who care about him will feel the same way. Listening to the conversation, Mary declares she is going to go all in to win the game. She succeeds but bids too much for the winning card. Henry wants to spend more time in the vicinity of Mansfield Park. He proposes renting Thornton Lacey from Edmund and making improvements while living there. Sir Thomas points out that his son will not be the kind of clergyman who neglects to live in his parish.
Sir Thomas decides to throw a ball for Fanny and William. Mrs. Norris believes the Price siblings are unworthy of such an honor, but Sir Thomas is insistent. The event is planned to take place just before William’s return to Portsmouth and Edmund’s ordination. Fanny wants to wear an amber cross—a gift from William. However, she does not have a chain to go with it. She consults Mary, who insists Fanny must choose a chain from her own collection. Embarrassed, Fanny tries to judge which necklace Mary values the least. When she makes a selection, Mary tells her the necklace was a gift from Henry and urges Fanny to think of her brother when she wears it. Fanny wants to return the gift but feels she cannot do so without offending Mary. She wonders if the Crawfords have been conspiring together. Meanwhile, Edmund wants to marry Mary but is anxious that she will not be able to accept the position of a rural clergyman’s wife.
Edmund presents Fanny with a gold chain to go with the amber cross. Delighted yet horrified at her dilemma, Fanny tells Edmund about Mary’s earlier gift. Gratified by Mary’s generosity, Edmund insists Fanny must wear Mary’s chain to the ball, keeping his for everyday occasions. He tells Fanny that she and Mary are the two people he loves the most. Fanny is moved by Edmund’s affectionate comments and gesture but also realizes he intends to marry Mary. She resolves to overcome her jealousy, telling herself she has no right to think of Edmund in a romantic light.
Edmund returns despondent from a visit to the parsonage. He tells Fanny that Mary has agreed to dance with him at the ball. However, she also claimed it would be for the last time, as she would never lower herself to dance with a clergyman. Edmund confesses he sometimes fears that Mary’s morals are corrupted.
Fanny decides to wear both necklaces to the ball when she discovers Mary’s chain does not fit the amber cross. She is surprised when Lady Bertram sends her maid to help her prepare. Fanny is already dressed for the event but is touched by her aunt’s kind gesture.
Sir Thomas tells Fanny that as it is her coming out ball, she must begin the dancing. She accepts Henry’s request for the first dance but feels uncomfortable when he looks at her necklace and smiles. Edmund dances with Mary, but she again disparages his choice of profession. Fanny cannot help feeling pleased when she sees the discord between the couple.
The following day, William departs for Portsmouth. Fanny’s brother has accepted Henry’s offer to transport him there, stopping at Admiral Crawford’s on the way. Soon afterward, Edmund also leaves for his ordination. Lady Bertram observes that they are fortunate to have Fanny’s reliable company. She is baffled when Sir Thomas implies that Fanny will leave them when she marries.
At the parsonage, Mary is bored in the absence of Henry and Edmund. She is angry at Edmund for ignoring her wishes but also regrets arguing with him. When Edmund is away longer than expected, Mary is jealous to learn he is staying with a friend, Mr. Owen, who has single sisters. Visiting Mansfield Park, she interrogates Fanny about Edmund’s plans. Mary says she will return to London in the next few days and will be sorry not to see Edmund before she leaves.
Henry returns from London, telling Mary he is in love with Fanny and intends to marry her. Mary is astonished but declares Fanny will make a loving and appreciative wife. She secretly hopes the marriage will improve her chances of marrying Edmund. Henry praises Fanny’s virtues, claiming he realizes these are the qualities he wants in a wife. He observes that Fanny is treated like a poor relation at Mansfield Park, but he will soon elevate her to the status she deserves.
Henry goes to Mansfield Park to see Fanny. He reveals that his uncle, Admiral Crawford, has used his influence to have William promoted to lieutenant. Henry explains that he purposefully introduced William to his uncle for this reason. He tells Fanny that he did so because he loves her and wants to marry her. Fanny is distressed and confused, believing that Henry is toying with her. She thanks him for helping William but says she does not want to hear anymore.
Delighted to hear of William’s promotion, Sir Thomas asks Henry to dinner. When Henry arrives, he gives Fanny a note from Mary. The message congratulates Fanny on Henry’s proposal and provides assurances of Mary’s approval of the match. In turmoil, Fanny barely speaks or eats during dinner. Before leaving, Henry asks for a response to his sister’s note. Fanny writes that she knows Henry too well to take his proposal seriously and asks for the subject never to be raised again.
Henry arrives at Mansfield Park early the next day. Sir Thomas finds Fanny in the east room and is surprised to note that, despite the snow outside, she does not have a fire. Fanny is forced to admit that Mrs. Norris does not allow it. Sir Thomas promises to rectify the situation.
Sir Thomas reveals that he has happily approved Henry’s request to marry Fanny. Horrified, Fanny tells Sir Thomas that she has made it clear she cannot love Henry. Sir Thomas is astonished, pointing out that Henry is rich and charming and secured William’s promotion. Fanny feels unable to tell Sir Thomas why she objects to Henry, as any explanation would reflect poorly on Maria.
Sir Thomas declares he is disappointed in Fanny and suggests she is being ungrateful. Fanny cries and apologizes, and Sir Thomas relents, believing she is overwhelmed and may change her mind. He assures her that, for now, he will not tell anyone else about the proposal. Fanny is grateful, particularly when she later sees a fire has been lit in the east room. However, she is soon called to Sir Thomas’s study to see Henry.
In Chapter 25, Austen uses the game of Speculation to highlight the values of her characters and their approaches to life. The game demands a ruthless pursuit of one’s own interests, and consequently, the Crawfords are experienced players. Fanny has no prior knowledge of the game, demonstrating her lack of worldliness. While she has the intelligence to grasp the rules, she lacks the selfishness to play well. Lady Bertram delegates her cards to Henry, as she has neither the intelligence nor inclination to play for herself. Mary characteristically plays fearlessly in her desire to win with little regard for the consequences.
The characters’ conversation during the evening illustrates Austen’s technique of investing seemingly casual dialogue with deeper meaning. The theme of Stability and Change is explored as improvements are again discussed. Henry’s insistence that Thornton Lacey’s farmyard must be removed to give it “the air of a gentleman’s residence” demonstrates his incomprehension of traditional rural life (251). Similarly, his assumption that Edmund will only occasionally occupy Thornton Lacey illustrates a cavalier attitude to the social responsibilities of a clergyman. Sir Thomas’s correction of Henry’s misapprehension has a humorously sobering effect on Mary. Initially excited to picture Edmund’s modernized country home, she is suddenly “no longer able […] to shut out the church, [and] sink the clergyman” (256). Both Henry and Mary are shown to be interested in material trappings but not the obligations that come with them.
Fanny’s continued rise in status is illustrated when Sir Thomas hosts a “coming out” ball for her. Earlier in the novel, Fanny’s indeterminate social status is conveyed when Mary questions if Fanny is "out" or not (i.e., officially able to attend social events and receive marriage proposals). Austen suggests that while Mrs. Norris deliberately deprives Fanny of social entertainment, Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram simply overlook the matter. By instigating Fanny’s societal debut, Sir Thomas indicates that Fanny is now on an equal footing with his daughters.
Fanny’s dilemma over the amber cross symbolizes the division of her heart. Ideally, she would like to wear her brother’s gift with Edmund’s chain, representing her equal devotion to both young men who are dearest to her. However, Mary’s chain introduces Henry as a third contender for Fanny’s love. Henry’s gift of the chain to Fanny without her knowledge is a manipulative tactic to inspire Fanny’s gratitude—as is his role in William’s promotion. However, the fact that the chain is too elaborate for Fanny’s taste and does not fit the amber cross hints that Henry is an unworthy and incompatible suitor.
Mary’s failure to persuade Edmund to forego his ordination represents a triumph of Virtue over Vice in this section. At the same time, a subtle shift in the power dynamics between Mary and Fanny occurs. Desperate for a hint of Edmund’s mindset, Mary reveals her vulnerability by fruitlessly interrogating Fanny about the Owens sisters. Fanny’s growing importance in the eyes of the characters is confirmed when Sir Thomas notices the unlit fire in the east room. Mrs. Norris’s insistence that a fire must not be lit in the room symbolizes Fanny’s initial lack of status at Mansfield Park. Sir Thomas’s vow to rectify the situation represents her full acceptance into the Bertram family. Nevertheless, Fanny’s ascendancy in the narrative is short-lived, as she is placed in an impossible position. Moral integrity prompts her to refuse Henry’s marriage proposal. Meanwhile, that same sense of decency prevents her from explaining her aversion to Henry without implicating Maria. In following her conscience, Fanny is forced to defy Sir Thomas’s authority and mar his good opinion of her. Austen employs dramatic irony as Sir Thomas describes his principled and altruistic niece as “willful and perverse” (318).
Fanny’s own consistent behavior as the center around which the other characters change is demonstrative of her stabilizing role as both the novel’s protagonist and a mostly neutral force within Mansfield Park. Though Fanny speaks out when she finds something to be immoral, she does not seek to change the course of the other characters’ lives or create conflict whatsoever. While she is willing to keep quiet about some things, even hiding Maria’s behavior from Sir Thomas despite the fact that it would explain her dislike of Henry Crawford, the exception to her outwardly easy nature lies in her refusal to marry Henry. While Fanny is perhaps a less vocal Austen heroine, refusing such an advantageous marriage is unusual for the time and therefore assertive in its own right.
By Jane Austen