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63 pages 2 hours read

Tara M. Stringfellow

Memphis

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 3, Chapters 20-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 20 Summary: “Joan, 2001”

Content Warning: This section of the guide describes and discusses the source text’s treatment of domestic abuse, racism, racist violence, and child sexual abuse. The study guide quotes and obscures the author’s use of the n-word.

Joan is in her junior year in high school. She attends a US history class, but she cannot concentrate on the lecture as her thoughts wander. She distrusts the white lecturer, who reminds her of a Confederate general and teaches that the cause of the Civil War was state rights. However, she loves history and is fascinated by wars. She is interested in the people who fight them.

Joan attends art classes on Saturdays at the college campus as her school lacks the supplies. She feels relieved being in an art room. Professor Mason, a Black man, accepts her in his class because he recognizes her gift. Her classmates are college students and mostly white, but as Joan works with fellow artists, she feels their respect.

August drives Joan to art classes on Saturday mornings. One day Joan asks her why she does not love God. She knows that her talent in drawing is a gift God gave her. As a Catholic, it is her duty to practice it. August responds that God never did anything for her and took her mother away. Joan tells her that He gave her a good voice. She complains that her mother does not encourage her art, but August tells her that Miriam wants the best for her.

Joan does not speak to her father and has not seen him since they left. Jax calls occasionally, but only Mya speaks to him. Joan feels “satisfied” that there are no men in the house. She felt free when the police arrested Derek, though she recalls August telling her that “[a] Black woman hasn’t ever known the meaning of that word” (157). Thinking about Derek still fills Joan with rage. She thinks that she shares the same rage with her father, but she knows he could not control himself as she did with Derek.

Mya appears at the door of Joan’s classroom and calls her, crying. She rushes to Joan and tells her that a plane hit their father’s work.

Part 3, Chapter 21 Summary: “Joan, 2002”

Joan continues art classes at Rhodes College. She is the only high school student in her class. Miriam insists that after her graduation, she should study to be a doctor. She tells Joan that she does not want her to be poor. She pleads with her to be a doctor as she cannot think of any “Black woman famous artist” (161). However, art is the most important thing for Joan, and she wants to earn her living through it.

Her mentor suggests she apply to an art program at London’s Royal College of Art. Joan realizes that she “was born to be an artist” (163). She wonders why Miriam does not believe in her.

One day during a drive, Joan explains to August what her professor suggested. The application is due at Christmas, and it would be for a fellowship. Joan must create a portfolio, and she wants to paint all the women in the Douglass neighborhood, including her aunt. After some thinking, August confesses to Joan her love of music. She tells Joan that she will help to persuade her mother. August feels somebody in the family should employ their gift. She advises her to practice, and she suggests that they hide her paintings in Derek’s room.

Joan starts working on her portfolio. Her theme is “women,” and she must make 10 portraits. She still doubts herself and thinks she might not succeed in her application.

Once a month, Joan sketches Miss Dawn, who always tells her stories about her grandparents. She also tells her that she must dig up Derek’s comb. Joan tries not to think of him. She now moves freely around the house, but she cannot erase him from it. One night, Joan unearths the comb from the backyard and repeatedly spits on it.

Joan shows her professor a portrait of August and a portrait of Miss Dawn. He tells her she is ready to apply for college.

Part 3, Chapter 22 Summary: “Miriam, 2001”

Miriam is at the hospital when she sees the terrorist attacks on television. Miriam sees “buildings as tall as titans on fire” (170). She has not seen Jax in six years, and she hears that a plane crashed into the Pentagon, which is Jax’s current posting. By that time, Jax was a lieutenant colonel.

Miriam fears that the family could not endure another loss. She recalls Derek’s trial. He was charged with murder. Miriam accompanied August to testify in court. Derek never pleaded guilty, but the judge immediately associated him with the Douglass gang due to the weapons he owned. Miriam and August hoped that he would not get the death penalty. The best hope for Derek was a life sentence. Miriam remembers August being “utterly spent.” In her testimony, August said that Derek’s father was evil and abused his son with harsh discipline to make him tough. Scared of his father, Derek would hide in cupboards or closets. Miriam recalls when Jax punched her and believes she understands Derek a little. Derek’s father left one day with no explanation. Someone stabbed him in a fight and he died. Derek would not let August touch him after his father was gone. Miriam realized that she and her sister were “battling terrors.” Thinking of Derek, Miriam’s emotions shift between “pity and loathing” (176).

Miriam remembers the first time Jax hit her after he returned from the Gulf War. She was astonished and overcome by fear, and she wondered why she didn’t leave sooner. Miriam tries not to hate Derek, but she also cannot forgive Jax. However, listening to the news, she fears that her daughters might grow up without a father.

Part 3, Chapter 23 Summary: “Joan, 2003”

Joan is awake in the middle of the night due to a storm when the phone rings. It is a call from Derek. Joan thinks of hanging up the phone but eventually accepts the call. She freezes hearing Derek’s “male” and “obtrusive” voice (180). Derek expects August, but when he hears Joan, he says there is something he must tell her. Joan thinks what she could say to hurt him as much as he hurt her. Derek asks how Miriam is.

Miriam graduates. Tension continues to plague her relationship with Joan as she disapproves of Joan’s art endeavor. Meanwhile, Mya decides to be a doctor. She is also gifted in music and plays the guitar well.

Mya suddenly appears at the parlor and grabs the phone from Joan’s hands. She listens to Derek for a while and then hangs up. She tells Joan that Derek wants her to visit him in prison. Joan is reluctant, but Mya says they are both going to skip school in the morning as she will go with her.

Part 3, Chapter 24 Summary: “August, 2001”

Three days have passed since the terrorist attacks. August is certain that Jax is all right. The thought that she may have lost her father devastates Mya and she remains in bed all day. August closes the shop for a week and stays by her niece’s side until Miriam returns from work. At night the people of the neighborhood gather at the North’s home.

A few days pass. One night, August, Miriam, and Joan hear knocking at the door. Miriam and August prepare to defend themselves. August takes a rifle and aims at the door as Miriam opens it. At the door are Jax and his brother Bird.

Part 3, Chapter 25 Summary: “Miriam, 1968”

On the way home from her piano lesson, Miriam observes her reflection in a glass window and thinks she looks like her mother. She always wanted to look like her father and admired her sister’s dark and long body. Despite that, she loves her looks.

Miriam finds Hazel at home, quilting. Hazel tells her that she saw the bodies of the two Black sanitation workers whom the trash compactor crushed. At night, Miriam helps Hazel write a sign for the strike with the phrase “I am a Man” (190). The death of the sanitation workers causes upheaval and anger in Memphis.

After Myron’s death, Hazel returned to work and attended the nursing program in college, one of the first institutions to admit a Black woman. Hazel instilled in Miriam the passion for “revolution.” She participated in civil rights demonstrations, and activists and “leaflets proclaiming the power of Black women, detailing the humanity of Black men” filled their house (190). The women of the neighborhood helped Hazel raise Miriam while she was working. Even though she never met Myron, Miriam missed her father.

When she returns home, Miriam finds many women from the neighborhood sobbing. She sees Hazel distraught, and Miss Dawn tells her that a man assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. The next day, Hazel takes Miriam to her first sit-in protest. Miriam sees in her mother’s face the same rage she has when talking about Myron or every time she hears about white people killing Black people.

Part 3, Chapters 20-25 Analysis

Hazel exemplified The Resilience of Black Womanhood for Miriam and August. She instilled in her daughters courage and strength as well as her fervent desire for justice: “Miriam had grown up with her mother’s passion tied around her like yarn: revolution” (190). After Myron’s murder and the increasing racial violence, Hazel participated in the civil rights movement, organizing grassroots activism to claim the power of Black women and “the humanity of Black men” (190). Miriam followed the example of her mother, who was the first Black woman to enter the nursing program of Rhodes College in Memphis. After Myron’s death, Hazel was a working woman who raised her daughters alone. The motif of female rage interconnects with Hazel’s experience of racial violence, as Miriam describes her mother’s “wrath” over the killings of Black people. Miriam was as enraged about her husband’s death as she was about the murders of civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. Even though Miriam never met her father, his loss impacts her. Her parents’ relationship remains for her an ideal example of the connection between a man and a woman.

When Miriam hears about the terrorist attacks at the Pentagon where Jax works, she considers all the losses of men in the family and fears that her daughters might lose their father. Derek’s arrest and subsequent life sentence were devastating for August. She recalls his father’s aggression. The theme of The Menace of Toxic Masculinity recurs through August’s memories. Derek’s father was a brutal man who wanted to harden his son: “He said, ‘He’ll be a Spartan.’ God, that man lived up to his promise. Brutally. Ruthlessly” (173). He imposed strict discipline upon Derek, and August would often find Derek hiding, like a “scared, hurt animal” (174). Again, August resents male violence: “Men and death. Men and death. How on earth y’all run the world when all y’all have ever done is kill each other?” (177). Miriam witnesses her sister’s testimony, realizes her struggles, and remembers her own terror at the hands of Jax, a man whom the military trained to kill. In the face of all their troubles, Miriam’s connection to the women in her life intensifies, and she vows to never “fail” her sister and daughters.

After Derek’s arrest, Joan begins to address her trauma. Initially, she feels relieved and free without him in the house, but the memory of him and her rape still haunts her. She realizes that she is fighting an inner war caused by her traumatic experience. She wants to survive and support the women in her family against The Menace of Toxic Masculinity:

What was I fighting for, sleeping and eating and growing up in the Cold War being waged between me and Derek, and then between me and the memory of Derek? To get out with my dignity, I supposed. To get Mya through safe. To give Mama, despite our fights, a chance to make her own way, to become a nurse (157).

As she considers the men in her family, Joan begins to realize her own rage. The story of her grandfather Myron and his murder “[looms] large in all [their] minds” (158), and Joan compares him to her father. She thinks about the wars they fought and their different characters. Derek also fills Joan with anger and violent feelings, but she feels that her rage “came partly from fear” (158). Her father’s absence generates a feeling of abandonment and reinforces Joan’s distrust in men: “I’d rather have had a father, frankly. The fact that he could leave us mystified me” (155). However, Joan can assuage her inner distress through art and finds ways to control her rage in contrast to the men she knows.

Joan realizes her vocation. She feels that she “was born to be an artist” (163). While Miriam is concerned about Joan’s financial security and pressures her to become a doctor, Joan pursues her art classes. Miriam still cannot believe that a Black woman could make it as an artist in a discriminatory society and wants her daughter to be independent and survive. The theme of The Healing Power of Art becomes evident as Joan is determined to pursue her passion and gift: “[…] I was willing to risk being chronically poor the rest of my life so that I could draw. Art mattered more to me than anything else” (162). As her art teacher suggests that Joan study in London, she finds support from her aunt August. August is a talented singer who was not able to pursue her love of music and realizes her niece’s artistic gift from early on. The theme of The Resilience of Black Womanhood intensifies as aunt and niece bond. August listens to her niece and decides to help her: “I will help you, niece. And I’ll work on your mama. Win her over. Guess I must. Because you have a gift. I think it’s high time somebody in this damn family with a gift use it” (165). With her support, August empowers Joan to pursue her dream. Joan’s deep love for Black women is also evident when she decides that the women of the Douglass neighborhood will be the subject of her art portfolio: “Women. I wanted to showcase the women of Douglass, of North Memphis, of my family” (165). As Joan comes of age with the support of the women around her, she discovers herself and begins to create a life of her own.

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