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52 pages 1 hour read

Laura Ingalls Wilder

On the Banks of Plum Creek

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1937

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Chapters 12-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 12 Summary: “The Christmas Horses”

The Ingalls enjoy a good Thanksgiving dinner and look forward to the upcoming year; they hope their wealth of wheat will bring them a real house, horses, and other comforts. Ma asks the girls what they want for Christmas, and they begin telling her of the candy and new dresses they hope for. Ma tells them that Pa wants horses for Christmas and tells them if they all wish for horses it might come true. The girls consider this; Ma tells them that Santa Claus is there whenever anyone is unselfish. The girls tell Pa that they only want horses for Christmas and Pa’s eyes gleam.

Chapter 13 Summary: “A Merry Christmas”

The next morning, there is finally snow. Ma gives Mary and Laura a box of buttons she’s been saving since she was a little girl so that they can make a button string for Carrie for Christmas.

On Christmas morning Laura wakes to the sound of the fire crackling and finds that there is candy in her and her sisters’ stockings. At chore time, Pa asks them if they think there’s anything in the stable and the girls go with him to see that, in Pete and Bright’s place are two red-brown horses. Pa lifts Mary and Laura up onto the horses’ backs, all of them laughing and happy together.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Spring Freshet”

In the middle of the night, a roaring noise wakes up Laura, and when Pa opens the doors, they see it is pouring rain. The next morning Laura opens the door and ice-cold rain blows in. She sees that the creek has risen close to the dugout and is making a loud roaring noise. Ma jerks Laura back indoors.

The rain stops while they’re eating breakfast and Pa takes Mary and Laura outside to look at the creek, which has completely changed their familiar landscape. Pa’s fields are black and wet, and he tells the girls he will be able to plant soon.

Chapter 15 Summary: “The Footbridge”

The next day, Laura slips outside to look at the creek again. The water has gone down enough so that she can see the footbridge again. Drawn to the water, Laura takes off her shoes and socks and walks out onto the plank. She lays on her stomach and puts her arms on either side of the plank, and clasping her hands together, rolls off so that she can be completely submerged.

She feels the strength of the current’s pull, and the water trying to drag her head under the plank. She holds on with her chin and her arm and worries. She can’t call for help because no one knows where she is. She starts to lose feeling in her limbs and knows she must haul herself out, so she kicks and pulls until she is back on the plank.

Back at the dugout, Ma quickly strips her of her wet clothes while Laura explains what happened. Ma tells her that she almost drowned and can’t go near the creek again unless she or Pa allows her.

Chapter 16 Summary: “The Wonderful House”

The weather begins to warm, and the creek goes back down. Pa begins to work the wheat-field from sunup to sundown. One day, Pa returns from a trip to town with lumber to build a new house. Although the wheat isn’t harvested yet, Pa has purchased the lumber on credit, and will pay Mr. Oleson back once he’s harvested it.

The next morning Mr. Nelson comes, and they begin digging the cellar for the house. Ma makes them do their chores and then Mary and Laura run to watch and play with the wood shavings and wood blocks left over. Laura is excited that the new house has real windows, a store-bought door, two rooms, a shed, and an attic. One day Pa asks Laura and Mary if they can keep a secret, showing them a brand-new cookstove he’s bought to surprise Ma.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Moving In”

The next morning, they move everything from the dugout to the wagon so they can bring it to the new house. Laura feels excited about Pa’s secret of a new cookstove. When Ma sees the cookstove her mouth opens and she says it’s all too much, but Pa replies that nothing is too much for her.

Ma makes dinner on the new stove, and they all enjoy being in their new house. After dinner, they begin to decorate and place all their treasured items. That night Laura struggles to fall asleep. She hears rain pattering on the roof, and she is happy, realizing she hasn’t heard that sound in quite some time.

Chapter 18 Summary: “The Old Crab and the Bloodsuckers”

After chores in the new house, Laura hurries down the path that Nelson made and finds that it leads to a gentle part of Plum Creek. Mary and Laura wade in this water.

Suddenly, Laura sees a creature almost as big as her foot, with pincers and short legs and a scaly tail, that turns out to be a crab. Laura also wades into the muddy water under the plum trees, and when she exits, there are soft worms stuck on her legs and feet that won’t come off. When she pulls them off, blood dots her legs. At dinner, Ma explains that the worms were leeches. Ma tells them they won’t be able to get into much more trouble, since they can now start attending school.

Chapter 19 Summary: “The Fish-Trap”

Laura does not want to go to school, but her parents stress the importance of education. Outside Pa is hammering together a fish-trap. Laura helps him finish it and then goes with him to the creek. They put the trap under a waterfall to catch fish. There, Pa tells her that Ma used to be a schoolteacher, and he promised Ma that their girls would have a good education.

After catching four large fish, they bring them home, clean them, and then Ma fries them for supper. Since Pa cannot hunt because of the springtime baby animals, they begin to eat fish every day.

Chapter 20 Summary: “School”

On Monday morning, Mary and Laura prepare for school. Ma gives them three books to take with them: a speller, a reader, and a book on arithmetic. The girls walk together to the schoolhouse in town. Laura, anxious about being around other children, blurts out, “You all sounded just like a flock of prairie chickens!” (145).

A boy begins making fun of their short dresses which they’d been outgrowing, calling them “snipes.” However, the boy’s sister makes him stop and introduces herself as Christy Kennedy, also telling them the names of the other children, including the fair-haired Nellie Oleson who is in nice clothing and calls Mary and Laura “country girls” with disdain.

The teacher, Eva Beadle, shows the girls the classroom and has them show her what they already know about reading and spelling. The teacher tells them they’ll need a slate and loans them hers for the day. Laura and Mary behave themselves and study at their bench. Laura makes fast progress and can read the whole first row in the speller by the end of the day.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Nellie Oleson”

The next morning, Pa gives the girls money to buy a slate. Once they reach town, they go into Mr. Oleson’s store, where Nellie and Willie Oleson enter and begin mocking Mary and Laura for being poor. Although they get a slate, they find they also need a slate pencil, and use one of their Christmas pennies to buy a pencil the next morning.

Laura begins to like school more and more, even recess, during which Nellie Oleson forces them to always play ring-around-a-rosy. One day Laura suggests they play a different game and Nellie pulls her hair. The girls begin playing Laura’s game and Nellie storms off in anger. The next week, Nellie asks all the girls to come to a party at her house that weekend.

Chapters 12-21 Analysis

The theme of Family Bonds and Teamwork runs through the first part of this section, with the Ingalls family eagerly looking forward to the holiday and the girls expressing their wishes. For the Ingalls, Christmas is a rare occasion to take a break from their labors and celebrate one another. The chapters about Christmas serve as a reminder of the value of family over material things. The girls learn about the importance of being unselfish and privileging what’s good for the family over their own self-centered desires as individuals. They ultimately choose to give up their personal wishes and prioritize wishing for horses, which will benefit the entire family, especially Pa, who has been struggling to work without them. Ma tells her daughters that Santa Claus, or the spirit of Christmas, is unselfish, and encourages them to demonstrate this in their own choices.

This Christmas incident also emphasizes the importance of family. The Ingalls family supports and cares for one another, as they selflessly wish for each other’s happiness. The joy and laughter they experience together while leading the horses to the creek on Christmas day, and the sense of security provided by the new house, highlight the strength of their familial connections and willingness to work together as a unit.

The building of a new house symbolizes progress and a sense of stability for the Ingalls family. The new house represents their aspirations and the improvements in their living conditions. It brings excitement and a fresh start for the family, with the inclusion of features like real windows and a store-bought door, which symbolize the comforts they’ve had to live without on their journey. After they set up the new house, Laura thinks of how she missed the sound of the rain on the roof, showing the sacrifices they’ve had to make as pioneers to accommodate their relocation. Pa also tells Ma that she deserves the house and many other comforts, reflecting the values of the time when the house was considered a woman’s domain.

However, Laura Ingalls Wilder also subtly explores the dangers of debt through the building of the house. Pa buys the wood on credit rather than wait to purchase it after the harvest, since he feels certain that his wheat harvest will be profitable: “They were going to have that wonderful house, just because the wheat was growing” (109). This decision will later come to impact the Ingalls in a negative way, when the harvest fails and the Ingalls are in debt and unable to pay.

Weather and natural elements continue to play a significant role in these chapters, reflecting the theme Working With Nature, Not Against It. The absence of snow and rain, referred to as “grasshopper weather,” reflects the abnormality and uncertainty of their surroundings. The sudden snowfall on Christmas morning contrasts with the lack of precipitation, emphasizing the unpredictable nature of their environment. The rising creek due to a spring freshet and the potential danger it poses highlight the power and unpredictability of nature. Laura experiences this power firsthand when she is drawn down to the water and almost drowns, learning firsthand that nature can pose a threat to human existence if not understood and handled with care.

Rather than fight against nature, the Ingalls’ lifestyle as pioneers emphasizes the importance of working with nature. For example, during the springtime, Pa does not hunt because baby animals have just been born, and he knows that killing their mothers will decrease the local wildlife population. Instead, he chooses to fish during that season, making sure to not waste any that he catches: “Every morning after that, before he went to work, Pa brought fish from the trap. He never took more than they needed to eat” (139). By working with the land and the natural rhythms of seasons, the Ingalls emphasize the value of sustainability in pioneer life.

The recurring motif of change is seen in various aspects of the story. The family’s anticipation of change, such as the new house and the acquisition of horses, reflects their desire for progress and improvement. The changing weather, particularly the snowfall and the rising creek, indicates the ever-shifting environment and the need to adapt to new circumstances:

The fast, strong water was fearful and fascinating. It snarled foaming through the willow tops and swirled far out on the prairie. It came dashing high and white around the bend upstream. It was always changing and always the same, strong and terrible (98-99).

Just as nature is ever-changing but somehow consistent, the Ingalls must learn to also be both flexible and consistent to live in harmony with the landscape.

Finally, as Mary and Laura begin attending school, interacting with other children their age offers opportunities for personal growth. At school, Laura also demonstrates progress in her studies, learning to read immediately on the first day, showing her intellectual growth. It also reveals the contrast between the life in the country and life in town. Laura’s journey of maturation is highlighted in her encounters with Nellie Oleson, who bullies and mocks her and her family for their lack of wealth and country lifestyle. Her conflicts with Nellie Oleson also showcase her developing assertiveness and the challenges of navigating social dynamics. In many ways, Nellie Oleson is a foil to Laura: Her actions show that she is spoiled, entitled, and disrespectful of her parents. In the next section, the contrast between these characters becomes even more significant, as Laura discovers even more differences between her family and the Olesons.

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