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101 pages 3 hours read

Sharon M. Draper

Out of My Mind

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

Melody discusses her relationship with the doctors in her life, most of whom she thinks don’t understand her at all. Her mother, a nurse, “speaks their language” (18), but doctors do not know how to talk to Melody. The young girl has seen so many doctors in her life and knows all too well that they cannot cure her condition. She also betrays her feelings regarding how she thinks the doctors see her by acting in the manner she thinks they expect of her; she plays dumb.

When her mother is preparing to enroll Melody in school, she takes her daughter to a psychologist, an obese man named Dr. Hugely; Melody notes, “For real. I couldn’t make this stuff up” (19). The doctor puts Melody through a series of tests, starting with basic size order. This exercise upsets her, as she knows size order but cannot use her hands to put the blocks in the right places physically. Using her arm, she wipes the blocks off the table, laughing at the overweight doctor breathing hard as he bends over to pick them up off the floor.

The next tests require Melody to choose the card with the correct image on it, but she is quickly bored with the easy level of the questions. She says that she knows all her animals, shapes, colors, numbers, and words, but isn’t able to express it. Instead of paying attention to the doctor, she thinks back to the time her mother took her to the zoo. Afterward, the adults discuss Melody’s test results while she laments how adults don’t know anything about her: “They talk as if I’m invisible, figuring I’m too retarded to understand their conversation” (21).

Unfortunately, Melody hears the doctor tell her mother that Melody has brain-damage and is retarded. Mrs. Brooks argues with the doctor that she knows Melody is intelligent, that she “has a spark” and that she “is so much more than the name of a diagnosis on a chart!” (22). The doctor, however, says that Melody will never be able to talk, walk on her own, or feed herself. He encourages her to consider placing Melody into a residential facility so that “You and your husband can get on with your lives without her as a burden” (24).

Worried that her mom will listen to Dr. Hugely, Melody is relieved when her mother snaps back at the doctor to say that scenario would never happen. Mrs. Brooks lights into the doctor, shaming him for what he has said and declaring, “Melody is able to figure out things, communicate, and manage in a world where nothing works right for her. She’s the one with the true intelligence!” (26) Melody’s mother wheels her out of the doctor’s office and decides to enroll Melody in the local elementary school.

Chapter 5 Summary

For five years, Melody has attended Spaulding Street Elementary School, where she is surrounded by kids who “ignore kids like me” (28). She is in a special program with other children with disabilities; she expresses her discontent with a program that doesn’t advance them or even move them into a new classroom every year. Melody thinks the teachers are mostly friendly, but clueless about kids like her.

In the overly bright, childish classroom—“I’m almost eleven years old, and if I have to look at puppies in paradise one more day, I think I’ll puke!” (30), Melody declares dramatically—the children are taught group activities from teachers and therapists. Melody talks about a few of her classmates who are also confined to wheelchairs, such as pretty Ashley who can’t use her limbs, and Carl, who is overweight but can hold a pencil and write his name. Maria is a friendly girl with Down syndrome, Gloria has autism, and Willy makes odd noises all the time. There is also Jill, a girl who cannot walk normally due to injuries she suffered in a car accident, and Freddy, who uses an electric wheelchair to zoom around the room.

Melody has a tray that serves as her communication board. It has the alphabet at the top, a row of numbers, and common nouns, verbs, adjectives, and important phrases. She is upset that these items are so juvenile and elementary; she feels, “It’s no wonder everybody thinks I’m retarded” (37), a word she despises. Melody compares being at school to being caged with no way out and no way to tell anyone.

Chapter 6 Summary

This chapter focuses on Melody’s neighbor, Mrs. Violet Valencia, otherwise known as “Mrs. V” Mrs. V is a large, tall woman who wears brightly patterned clothing and whom Melody compares to a tree. The neighbor begins helping the Brookses when they need someone to watch Melody until they get home from work. Mrs. Brooks and Mrs. V worked together at the hospital, where Mrs. V worked specifically in the kids’ cancer ward and the kids’ burn unit.

Unlike the other adults in Melody’s life, Mrs. V makes no excuses for her and pushes her to improve, starting with learning how to roll over on her own and reach for items. Melody appreciates Mrs. V’s eccentricities, such as feeding dessert before dinner and letting Melody drink soda. With Mrs. V’s help, Melody learns to crawl across a room as well as how to safely fall out of her wheelchair. At school, Melody still can’t communicate with words, but Mrs. V decides to help with this challenge as well.

One afternoon at Mrs. V’s house, she shows Melody a television documentary on Stephen Hawking, a famous scientist with ALS who cannot speak without technological assistance. When Mrs. V compares Hawking to Melody, the young girl agrees, but only to a point. She repeatedly hits the “talk” word on her communication board when Mrs. V asks her which she would rather, to talk or walk. To help Melody express herself more succinctly, and in a more age-appropriate way, Mrs. V creates a new communication board.

The new board “got filled with names and pictures of people in my life, questions I might need to ask, and a big variety of nouns and verbs and adjectives” (44) to allow Melody a wider range of communication. As her thumbs are controllable, which she notes with some irony, she uses them to point to what she wants to say. Eventually, Melody uses the floor to push the words on the cards together to form sentences, which she compares to “stringing the beads of a necklace together to make something really cool” (47). Melody uses these opportunities to showcase her sense of humor and make Mrs. V laugh.

Mrs. V also treats Melody to the joys of experiencing life, delights that are often kept from Melody out of misplaced concern for her well-being. Mrs. V takes Melody outside, teaches her about clouds, and carries her out into a rainstorm so she can feel the warm rain on her face.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

These chapters offer a clear delineation between how Melody views herself and how the rest of the world sees her. Contrasts are presented from three perspectives, those of doctors, teachers, and the Brooks’s neighbor, Mrs. V The doctors treat Melody as if she is mentally disabled; in particular, Dr. Hugely, a psychologist, assumes that Melody is brain-damaged and will amount to nothing. He advises that Melody be institutionalized so her family is not burdened by her existence.

Furious about the doctor’s comments, Mrs. Brooks enrolls Melody in the Spaulding Street Elementary School. There, Melody joins other children with disabilities in a specialized program that doesn’t do anything for Melody’s high level of intelligence and her desire to learn more. The school also makes her cognizant of the gulf between the healthy kids and those students like Melody.

Mrs. V, the Brooks’s neighbor, is the one person who treats Melody as if she is bright. She doesn’t baby Melody but instead, encourages her to learn to work with what she has, including learning to roll over, crawl, and reach for items. Rather than giving up on her, as Dr. Hugely suggests, or poorly supplementing her education, Mrs. V helps Melody strive for her potential.

Melody’s adept use of metaphorical language appears again in this section, as she compares stringing a sentence together to stringing a necklace. The simile reveals her joy in the task, and the fact that she’s using her sentences to make Mrs. V laugh again displays her humor and wit. These instances help to humanize Melody in a way that she isn’t able to be humanized usually. She comments on people who don’t ask her name or how Dr. Hugely speaks about her as though she isn’t there. It’s clear that because Melody doesn’t have a voice, some people don’t consider her relevant or intelligent—a prejudice against the disabled that appears throughout the novel. 

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