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52 pages 1 hour read

Nidhi Chanani

Pashmina

Fiction | Graphic Novel/Book | Middle Grade | Published in 2017

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Pages 1-41Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 1-41 Summary

Content Warning: This section contains descriptions of racist and xenophobic bullying.

In a series of black-and-white illustrations, the novel depicts teenage Priyanka Das receiving a driving lesson from her mom, Nimisha, who is nervous about her daughter learning to drive. Priyanka’s mom panics because she thinks that Priyanka is going to hit a tree, but Priyanka points out that the tree is not close to them at all. Priyanka’s mom explains that in India, where she is from, women are not allowed to drive, so she didn’t learn until she was 20. At that point, she had already been living in the US for two years. (They currently live in California). Priyanka’s Uncle Jatin once told Priyanka that in India, women have other people to drive them around, so they don’t need to drive. However, in the US, women do need to drive, so Jatin has been giving Priyanka lessons. Priyanka urges her mom to calm down by meditating like the goddess Shakti, but her mom doesn’t seem to understand what Priyanka is saying. Priyanka is frustrated because her mother often tells stories about Shakti to make a point, but when Priyanka does it, her mom acts like the stories don’t make sense.

At school, Priyanka and her friend Eddie draw comics together while waiting for English class to begin. Eddie thinks that Priyanka is better at drawing comics than he is. A girl named Kristy makes fun of Priyanka for wearing thrift store clothes. Kristy also purposely mispronounces Priyanka’s name, calling her “Priyucka.” When the teacher, Mr. Perry, sticks up for Priyanka and tells Kristy that she prefers to be called “Pri,” Kristy quietly calls Priyanka a “teacher’s pet.” After class, Mr. Perry suggests that Priyanka enter a comics contest, but Priyanka declines because she is intimidated by the number of entries they usually get. She gives the flier back to Mr. Perry and goes outside, where other girls continue to laugh at Priyanka’s thrift store clothes.

Uncle Jatin, who doesn’t have any children, picks Priyanka up from school and offers to let her drive, but she doesn’t want to; she is in a bad mood because of the other students’ taunting. However, she doesn’t share the reason for her bad mood with Jatin. Priyanka suggests that Jatin could call her “Pri” because it’s “easier,” but Jatin says that “Priyanka” is easy for him to say, as a person of Indian heritage, although it might be difficult for some Americans to say. Jatin wants to practice driving with Priyanka and her mother that weekend, but Priyanka is worried that her mother will be too anxious. Jatin taught Priyanka’s mother to drive years ago, and he assumes that it is hard for Priyanka’s mother to watch her grow up. They make plans to see a movie and practice driving that weekend.

At home, Priyanka’s mother’s suitcase is always falling down from the shelf in Priyanka’s bedroom closet. A corner of a pashmina is peeking out of the suitcase, but Priyanka doesn’t investigate; she just puts the suitcase back on the shelf. Before dinner, Priyanka’s mother instructs her to pray to the goddess Shakti. They have an area for prayer with a picture of Shakti and some incense. Priyanka’s mother says that Uncle Jatin and his wife, Auntie Deepa, are “like family” (14); they helped her when she first moved to the US and have been in Priyanka’s life since she was a baby. Priyanka asks if Jatin knew her dad, but her mom looks uncomfortable and quickly changes the subject. Priyanka points out that her mother always avoids questions about her dad. After dinner, Priyanka goes to her bedroom to listen to music and draw. On her nightstand are family photos, including some of Jatin.

On Diwali, an Indian holiday celebrating the Festival of Lights, Uncle Jatin reveals that Auntie Deepa is four months pregnant. Priyanka does not look happy about this and burns herself on a sparkler. Deepa is older, so her doctor is concerned about the pregnancy, but Jatin believes that she and the baby will be healthy. Priyanka congratulates Jatin and Deepa, but she looks upset, especially when Deepa says that Jatin looks forward to being a “real” father now, after training with Priyanka. Priyanka’s mother points out that Jatin and Deepa will be much busier, and this also bothers Priyanka.

A few days later, Uncle Jatin picks Priyanka up from school like he does every Tuesday, but he’s late. They go out for samosas and mango lassis, a weekly occurrence. However, Jatin says that they may not be able to continue their weekly outings once the baby is born. Priyanka is disappointed but says that she understands. At home that night, Priyanka prays to Shakti not to “take Uncle Jatin away” from her, claiming that “he doesn’t NEED a baby” (27). She feels guilty after saying this prayer, but she does not try to take it back.

Time passes, and Uncle Jatin and Auntie Deepa’s baby is born prematurely. Priyanka and her mother go to visit Deepa, Jatin, and the baby girl, Shilpa, in the hospital. Priyanka doesn’t want to hold baby Shilpa but won’t explain why. The adults fawn over the baby while Priyanka looks sad. The adults are distracted with the baby, so they don’t notice that Priyanka is bothered.

At home, Priyanka’s mother prays to Shakti, but Priyanka argues that praying is pointless and “doesn’t work.” Priyanka’s mom insists that praying does work if it is done from the heart. She also says that she never would have spoken to her mother as disrespectfully as Priyanka speaks to her now and that she sometimes doubts her decision to come to the US. Priyanka says that maybe her mom should have stayed in India. Priyanka’s mom admits that life is complicated everywhere and states that although there are good things about the US, it isn’t perfect. She says that she will never discuss the subject of Priyanka’s dad.

At night, Uncle Jatin calls to say that baby Shilpa has become very sick. Priyanka goes to visit the baby in the hospital with Jatin and Deepa. Priyanka shares the news of the baby’s illness with her friend Eddie, who is supportive, but Priyanka doesn’t want to talk about it.

At home, Priyanka’s mother’s suitcase has fallen from the closet shelf again. Priyanka opens it and finds old photographs of her mother, letters, and a pashmina inside. One letter is from Meena Mausi, Priyanka’s mother’s sister, who writes that Priyanka’s mom hasn’t replied to her previous letters, but she’s going to keep writing anyway because she misses her sister. The pashmina is incredibly ornate and beautiful, much fancier than the clothing that she and her mother normally wear. Priyanka puts the pashmina on, and the world starts to become colorful. Something happens to her eyes, and her vision seems to swirl.

Pages 1-41 Analysis

This section of the novel establishes The Challenges of Navigating the Immigrant Experience, as Priyanka often feels alienated from her family’s cultural heritage. She has never been to India, hasn’t met her extended family, and is forbidden from learning anything about her father, and these unknowns lurk in her mind and exacerbate The Impact of Family Secrets on Personal Identity. Although Priyanka’s mother often tells stories about the Hindu goddess Shakti, to whom they pray, she implicitly rejects Priyanka’s attempts to tell similar stories, acting as if Priyanka’s words don’t make sense. This dynamic suggests that Priyanka’s mother does not view her daughter as having the same heritage. The illustrations also convey a range of subtle hints reflecting these difficulties; for example, the first time that Priyanka is shown praying to Shakti, her facial expression reveals that she is annoyed that her mother requires her to do so. Taken together with her mother’s resistance to her attempts to embrace her culture, it is clear that Priyanka feels that she does not have the same level of access to Shakti that her mom does. Later in this section, she even claims that praying is pointless and “doesn’t work,” illustrating the full extent of her doubt and alienation. In this early section, Priyanka is also self-conscious and insecure, refusing to enter a comics contest even when her English teacher, Mr. Perry, suggests it. Faced with the prospect of Uncle Jatin and Auntie Deepa’s new baby, she also feels jealous and threatened because she believes that her status as a surrogate daughter to the couple, and even her personal identity, is precarious. These aspects of Priyanka’s character will shift later in the novel as she undergoes The Empowering Exploration of Cultural Heritage.

In these early pages, however, the author’s key focus is to establish the challenges of navigating the immigrant experience, and Priyanka’s mother illustrates the reality that even when an immigrant has spent many years in their chosen country, they still experience difficulties with the local culture. For example, Priyanka’s mother panics when Priyanka learns to drive because when she was growing up in India, women simply weren’t allowed to drive. This cultural difference shows that Priyanka’s mother is still adapting to US culture even though she frequently points out the drawbacks of Indian culture. Despite the benefits of moving to the US, Priyanka’s mother also believes that Americans are full of disrespect, and her mindset further illustrates her ambivalence about her current circumstances. Although Priyanka was born in the US and has never been to India, she also struggles to fit in due to the taunts of her racist, xenophobic, and classist peers, who purposely mispronounce her given name, deny her autonomy by refusing to use her chosen nickname, and make fun of her because she buys her clothes from thrift stores. Priyanka and her mother both see problems with the US, but because Priyanka has never been to India, she imagines that India might be “better” than the US. By contrast, her mother already knows that neither place is objectively better than the other.

Most scenes in the novel are illustrated in black and white rather than in color, and the habitually drab style reflects Priyanka’s feelings about the main setting of California. Because California is Priyanka’s home, she is used to it and is also somewhat disillusioned with it, so she views it in lackluster black and white. However, when she mentions the goddess Shakti while driving with her mother, Shakti is illustrated in color, which shows the deity’s magnificence and significance. The color illustrations of Shakti also foreshadow the later sections in which Priyanka will use her mother’s magical pashmina, which was created in part by Shakti, to travel to an idealistic version of India that is also illustrated in color. At the very end of this section, when Priyanka puts the pashmina on for the first time, it transforms from black and white into color, and this deliberate stylistic shift emphasizes the pashmina’s significance and magical powers. By illustrating most of the novel in black and white, Chanani can use color strategically in order to emphasize certain settings, characters, and symbolic objects.

Just as reading the illustrations enhances understanding of the text, it is also important to identify key symbols and images in order to better appreciate the full meaning of the illustrations themselves. For example, this section introduces the symbolism of the pashmina and the suitcase. Priyanka’s mother’s suitcase symbolizes Priyanka’s journey of self-discovery and her quest to understand her heritage. At the beginning of the novel, it stays in her closet most of the time, symbolizing the fact that Priyanka has pushed her own heritage out of sight and has not yet unpacked the suitcase’s contents or undertaken her spiritual journey. Because the suitcase often falls out of the closet on its own, Chanani implies that it is now past time for Priyanka to embark on her journey. Likewise, the pashmina is first shown peeking out of the suitcase as if asking Priyanka to notice it, and when she initially overlooks it, her lack of attention implies that she does not yet realize the importance of taking such a journey. However, as soon as Priyanka puts the pashmina on, it becomes colorful, as do her own eyes and face, indicating that her journey is beginning and that she is already starting to evolve.

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