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56 pages 1 hour read

Grace Lin

Starry River of the Sky

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2012

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Chapters 10-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

After hopping from the well, the toad starts toward the Stone Pancake, but Rendi stops it, telling the toad, “You’ll just get lost and cooked” (58). After a moment of consideration, the toad hops to the inn instead, and Rendi follows it inside to the family’s shrine room. Once there, he realizes that Peiyi’s mother is dead. Next, the toad leads Rendi to the dining room, where it hops into the lap of Mr. Shan.

Chapter 11 Summary

Although he’s only a chore boy, Rendi joins the innkeeper, Peiyi, and the patrons for lunch. Madam Chang has noticed that Rendi never smiles, so she offers a deal. If her next story makes Rendi laugh, he must tell a story to match each of hers from that point forward. Peiyi says it doesn’t matter if Rendi accepts because he is “not going to laugh anyway” (64), so Rendi agrees.

Madam Chang tells the story of an old sage who lived atop a mountain and shooed away all those who tried to become his students, except for one. By day, the sage teaches the student, but by night, the sage reads from a book that he never shares. This habit makes the student wonder what wisdom is in the book. The sage agrees to share the book if the student sits in the tree at the base of the mountain for 99 nights, and the student complies. After sitting through a terrible storm, the student writes a poem about his greatness and has it delivered to the sage, who offers an unimpressed response. Offended, the student rushes up the mountain, forgetting that he hasn’t yet fulfilled his 99-night stay in the tree. As Madam Chang finishes the story, Rendi hears laughter and realizes that it is his own.

Chapter 12 Summary

After lunch, Rendi fills buckets from a nearby well. The arduous process usually puts him in a bad mood, but this time, he only focuses on the story he will tell at dinner. Distracted and frustrated, he can’t think of a story, and he trips over the well wall, spilling all the water. Yelling, he attacks the wall, and “boiling rage seem[s] to have bubbled and burst inside him” (74). Catching sight of his reflection, he is horrified to see that he looks like his father. This kills his anger and replaces it with exhaustion.

Chapter 13 Summary

Rendi is late for dinner and spends the entire meal desperately trying to think of a story. When Peiyi finally calls him out, he tells a story of dancing fish, which focuses on a magistrate who is constantly yelling at his family and trying to increase his power. One day, the magistrate brings his children to the garden pond and has them throw rice into the water as he plays a qin (a stringed instrument). Day after day, father and children partake in the ritual, amazed at how the fish leap from the water to catch the rice. One day, the magistrate brings a higher-ranking duke to the pond and plays the qin, making the fish jump. From a hiding place in a tree, the son sees this, and as the duke leaves, offering to make sure that the magistrate is noticed in the king’s court, the boy realizes that “his father had planned the whole thing” (84).

Chapter 14 Summary

It’s dark when Rendi finishes his tale, and the group notices that the moon is still missing. Madam Chang brings everyone outside, where she lights a stalk of grass that summons fireflies that fill the night and make Rendi feel “as if he were in the Starry River of the Sky” (89). Together, the group makes firefly lanterns by catching the bugs in fabric. Rendi has the most carefree time he’s had in a while until a wail from the sky stops him. Madam Chang also hears the sky, but not as clearly as Rendi. This means that Rendi can listen and understand something that no one else can.

Chapter 15 Summary

Madam Chang’s encouragement doesn’t make Rendi feel any better, and he resolves to leave the inn as soon as possible. One day, Madam Chang tells the story of the woman married to the man who shot down the suns. After the man’s heroic deeds, the Queen Mother of the Heavens gives him a pill of immortality, telling him to take it when it turns gold. The knowledge of his impending immortality makes the man hard and cruel, which leaves his wife heartbroken. She finds the immortality pill, which has turned white. Realizing the harm her husband will bring if he is allowed to live forever, she takes the pill and turns into a toad.

With her husband in pursuit, the woman hops away, going higher and higher until she finally reaches the sky. Mistaking the moon for another magic pill, she lands on it and makes it her new home. It is unclear what becomes of the woman-toad, but stories say that the pill eventually turns gold inside her, transforming her back into a human and making her the Moon Lady—a mythical being with the power to hear and grant wishes. Thinking about his own wish to leave, Rendi despairs because the moon is gone. He wonders, “[W]ithout [the moon], can the Moon Lady still grant wishes?” (103).

Chapter 16 Summary

At the well the next day, Rendi finds Mr. Shan staring into the water and mumbling that what he seeks isn’t there. Before Mr. Shan leaves, he makes Rendi promise not to fall into the well. When Rendi agrees, Mr. Shan says, “Make sure you do as you say” (107). The words make Rendi feel guilty about leaving, because Madam Chang told a story, which means that he owes everyone a story, too.

Chapter 17 Summary

At dinner, Rendi continues the story of the magistrate. True to his word, the duke has brought the king’s attention to the magistrate, and life at the magistrate’s home has become hectic with preparations for him to move up in society. One day, the magistrate calls his children to answer three riddles. They answer the first two correctly, but not the third, and the magistrate rages at their stupidity. Days later, the magistrate goes to a festival at the palace, and he returns with two prizes from the king for answering the same riddles he asked his children—a rice bowl and a giant wine bowl made of delicate porcelain. The son rages at his father’s behavior, but his sister reminds him that their father does everything for them. The son asks how stealing his answer could be an act on his behalf, and his sister says it just is, “but she sound[s] more hopeful than sure” (119).

The third riddle is about two neighbors throwing snails in one another’s gardens, and Peiyi gets upset because this very habit is what caused the feud between her family and the neighbors, ultimately leading Jiming’s decision to leave home. Madam Chang breaks up an argument between Peiyi and her father by asking Mr. Shan for the answer to the third riddle.

Chapter 18 Summary

Mr. Shan does have the answer, and the group spends the next few days putting it into practice, culminating in a meeting between the innkeeper and his neighbor, who sit down to have tea together. Madam Chang, Peiyi, and Rendi serve food, including the snails, which helps the neighbors to realize that they have been holding onto grudges that originated generations ago. Both think the snails are delicious, and they answer the riddle of how to get snails out of two gardens with the idea to add them to recipes, concluding that the snails “are the best things to grow in the garden after all” (128).

Chapters 10-18 Analysis

Building on the idea of Storytelling as a Self-Portrait, Rendi’s tales outline the problems within his family and Madam Chang’s describe the fantastical elements of her own life as both the archer’s wife and the Moon Lady. Because both characters present their own narratives as fiction, they are able to keep their secrets and guard their most vulnerable truths while also opening themselves up to see whether they will be accepted or rejected. Madam Chang’s story in Chapter 11 is not directly about her past, but because her tale is directly tied to Mr. Shan’s, the story still offers a glimpse of the world she comes from and the events that led to her fall from the sky. The story itself also offers a few practical lessons for everyday life, as stories woven from mythology often do. For example, the student’s eagerness to impress the sage ultimately leads him to study, and his own vanity results in his failure to fulfill his agreement and gain access to further wisdom. Similarly, after surviving the storm, the student believes he is amazing for withstanding something that others would run from, and this belief exemplifies the fact that succumbing to arrogance often leads to a larger downfall, for the student proves that he is clearly not ready to learn what the sage might teach him. The deeper implication of this story is that the student is a metaphor for Rendi himself. Like the student, Rendi left in a rush, believing that he could teach his father a lesson by disappearing. If Rendi were to rush home prematurely, before his figurative “99 days,” (as the student did), he would do so for the wrong reasons. Thus, the similarities and differences between Rendi and the student show that the timing of an action is just as important as the decision to take action in the first place. With this particular tale, Lin inserts the idea that Rendi’s time at the base of his own “tree” (the inn) is far from over.

Just as Rendi’s evening tales slowly reveal the more troubling elements of his family life, his day-to-day activities reveal the ways in which he is still deeply connected to his family. For example, when Rendi gets angry at the well, he is really angry at himself, but he is unable to admit this, and his refusal to engage in much-needed introspection shows that he is not yet ready to go home and confront his father. Seeing echoes of his father in his own actions makes Rendi regret getting angry, and he also starts to miss his family, emphasizing The Destructive Power of Anger and the healing power of its opposite emotions. Although his father’s anger was terrible, Rendi offered the man love for years, and this connection cannot be erased simply by running away from home. Rendi misses the man he thought his father was, and he doesn’t want to become the man his father really is. Thus, Rendi’s story in Chapter 13 details his devastation at being used and unloved by his father. Along with the other thinly veiled stories of his origins, the tale foreshadows Rendi’s final decision to return home and confront his family issues directly. Although Rendi’s background is as yet a secret to his companions, his decision to include the duke in the story will eventually allow the others to realize that Rendi’s stories are based in truth. Also, with the subsequent arrival of the duke at the inn, Rendi will learn that his father is searching for him, which means he does care. Thus, even these early stories contain the seeds of developments yet to come, proving that the spinning of a tale can have a profound effect upon real life events.

In keeping with the theme of storytelling, Chapter 14 explains the significance of the book’s title. In Chinese mythology, the band of hazy stars that make up the Milky Way is called the “river of heaven” or the “silvery river.” This detail, combined with the tale that Madam Chang tells in Chapter 15, offers more context from Chinese mythology and shows the unique ways in which Lin reinterprets the old stories. In the original myth, the archer refuses the immortality pill and returns to his wife, never frightening her away to the moon in toad form. Instead, the romantic tale that Lin creates is based upon one between two star-crossed lovers in the folktale that explains how the “starry river” gets its name. In that version, two lovers are made into stars and placed on either side of the river; they are only able to cross once a year on the seventh day of the seventh month, using a bridge of birds. Lin uses this concept to craft a romance between the sun and the moon, who may only be reunited once every 29 days by a sunbird that carries the archer to the moon, letting the moon glow brightly (the full moon phase).

The resolution of the feud between the neighbors in Chapter 18 calls to The Importance of Forgiveness and provides a resolution for The Destructive Power of Anger. Ever since the initial incident that triggered the feud, the two families have hated each other on principle, never bothering to look past what happened because they are convinced that nothing has changed. However, when the innkeeper and his neighbor are finally brought together, they have a moment of peace and enjoy good food before Madam Chang reminds them of what first started the argument between their families. As soon as this reminder is given, the arguing starts again. If Madam Chang had said nothing, the neighbors may not have quarreled at all, but her reminder makes them feel as though they must fight because it is what has always been done. Only a second observation from Madam Chang—that they are fighting about something that no longer matters—allows the two to examine their actions. Realizing that they are eating the very snails they have fought over makes the fight itself seem silly, because they realize that they could have been putting the snails to far better use. Forgiveness allows the families to move forward in peace and rebuild what anger has destroyed for so long, further showing how these two major themes are intertwined.

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