54 pages • 1 hour read
Sharon M. DraperA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
On a chilly October night, eleven-year-old Stella Mills hides behind trees at the pond near her house. Across the pond, a group of nine Ku Klux Klansmen burn a tall cross. Stella recognizes their white robes and hoods. She anxiously hushes noise and questions from her younger brother JoJo, who awakened Stella to see the strange group. As Stella observes the scene, she spots the men’s skittish horses nearby; in the light of the fire, “One of the harnesses seemed to sparkle in the darkness. Or was it just a stray ember from the flames?” (3). When the men begin an intelligible chant, Stella prompts JoJo to flee, and the two run for home.
Stella and JoJo sit at the table with their parents. Papa went to see the Klansmen for himself; now returned, he reprimands Stella and JoJo for leaving the house and asks repeatedly if the men saw them. The children reassure Papa that no one saw them. Mama brings up Billy Odom, and Papa verifies that Mr. Odom’s suspicious lumber mill accident was probably the KKK: “He was gettin’ ready to start his own blacksmith shop. Klan made it clear that weren’t gonna happen” (7).
Stella hesitantly mentions how one horse’s harness glittered in the firelight, and Mama makes the connection: “Doc Packard dresses his horses real fine” (8). Papa tells them that knowledge like that can be powerful and instructs Stella and JoJo to go quietly gather the neighborhood men to meet at the Millses’ house.
Stella sits on the front steps with classmate Tony Hawkins, son of Dr. Hawkins, the doctor for the black families in Bumblebee. The two discuss what Stella saw while the neighborhood men talk inside. Tony and Stella share secrets as well. Tony tells Stella, “Sometimes, at night, I go and run at the track of the white school” (13). She tells him that she often sits out at night to practice writing, a skill for which she needs more practice. Stella and Tony talk about the “old folk” inside but conclude that the men can take little action; the KKK intends to make the black community afraid and uneasy. Tony says his father suffered humiliation during medical school. He brings up Dr. Packard, who treats only white patients, and Stella tells the story of her run-in with Dr. Packard when she was five. Stella accidentally stepped on his shoe, and Dr. Packard reacted with insults and abuse. She does not reveal that she suspects Dr. Packard of taking part in the cross-burning.
After the meeting, Stella sleeps for a few hours before school. Newsprint covers the walls near her bed, so headlines and news stories are the last thing she sees before sleeping. She notices Papa’s newspaper at breakfast as well: “She thought about the masthead of that paper. Its motto was ‘The Truth Unbridled.’ Stella liked that. Truth. On horseback. Without a saddle or bridle to hold the animal back” (25). When she asks if Papa thinks the newspapers will cover the Klan meeting, however, he says no. He compares consequences for the KKK to “nailing jelly to a tree” (27)—futile.
Stella and JoJo leave for the walk to school. They meet up with Johnsteve Winston and joke with talk of royalty and dragons. Along the way, they also meet Randy Bates and Tony Hawkins, who play chase. Next, Stella’s best friend Carolyn Malone joins the group, and finally several of the 13 Spencer children. Mrs. Spencer tells them to hurry, as she always does, but today she also says, “And be watchful, children. Be watchful” (33). The group passes Mountain View School, where the town’s white children attend, and Stella cannot help but think about the offerings that school has in place, such as successful sports teams and a library.
The group of classmates go together into Miss Cathy’s Candy Store to buy sweets before school. A group of white children visit the store at the same time as Stella and her classmates. Tension rises even though Mrs. Cooper makes a point to welcome everyone equally. Stella notices Dr. Packard’s daughter Paulette buying plenty of candy. Stella asks one of the white girls how school is, and another white girl says it seems pointless to have two separate schools. This, however, prompts one of the white boys to comment: “School together? Ha! We don’t go to school with them because we don’t have to […] They’ll never amount to anything. My daddy says if they learn to cook and sew and clean, that’s all they’ll need” (39). These insults roll easily from the boy, but Stella can only bite her tongue.
Out the window Stella sees Dr. Packard giving Paulette money. Mrs. Cooper tells all the schoolchildren that they need to go to school; she allows everyone a small piece of chocolate in a silver foil wrapper on his or her way out. Stella notices that every student regardless of their school gets the same treat.
In this opening section of chapters, the author offers setting, character, and plot details that develop into broader topics such as Stella’s relationship with her parents, Stella’s regard for her writing, and the atmosphere of community.
Bumblebee, North Carolina is near Spindale; Raleigh is several hours by car. Bumblebee is in “the rocky bottom of the Blue Ridge Mountains” (5), where farming is difficult. Forest surrounds the town. The novel is set in 1932, at the height of Jim Crow when lynchings were commonplace. The racial divide is clear in the town: the African American families have their own church and school, and most take low-paying jobs or sharecrop. The white children have a more attractive school, and at least some show a sense of superiority. While Mrs. Cooper encourages equality in her candy store, her attitude juxtaposes drastically against that of the men who burn the cross in the opening scene. The African American families feel they must tend to one another without much “help from the white community […] It was as it had always been” (5).
A tight bond exists between Stella and each of her parents. It is out of intense love and worry for his children that Papa reprimands Stella and JoJo strongly in the second chapter in reaction to their sneaking out to see the cross-burning. Both Mama and Papa trust Stella when she says she saw a sparkling saddle and harness, and Mama voices Dr. Packard’s name when Stella is hesitant to say it aloud.
On the heels of the inciting incident in the first scene (the cross burning), the author sets up a thick atmosphere of fear and futility as the neighbors come together to discuss what Stella and JoJo saw. Despite their emergency meeting, they decide in the interest of safety to take no action, and the families can only remind their children the next morning to be careful and stay in groups. The neighbors’ nighttime gathering and the children’s morning trip to Riverside School, however, show a protective community in Chapters 1-6 that will rival the sense of oppressive fear throughout the rising action.
Finally, the opening chapters set up one of Stella’s major internal conflicts in the novel: her battle with writing. She feels an inner urge to write her thoughts about situations and topics but struggles with writing as a skill. Her determination to improve, shown by secret nighttime practice sessions, suggests that Stella is a strong-willed, goal-oriented character. The fact that writing, and specifically journalism, are Stella’s passion signify her need to grow into a mouthpiece for the injustice her community faces and to give voice to those historically silenced.
By Sharon M. Draper