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59 pages 1 hour read

George Saunders

Tenth of December

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Adult | Published in 2013

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“Escape from Spiderhead”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

“Escape from Spiderhead” Summary

Jeff is a test subject and prisoner at a facility nicknamed Spiderhead because of its central hub with hallways branching off of it. The facility tests new drugs on inmates. Abnesti, Jeff’s handler, uses a device called a MobiPakTM to inject him with drugs via a remote. The drug ED763 makes the Interior Garden Jeff is in seem beautiful, and the drug VerbaluceTM makes him capable of expressing that beauty using sophisticated language.

On another day, a woman, Heather, joins Jeff in Small Workroom 2. Abnesti asks them to say how they feel about each other’s attractiveness. They are injected with a drug that makes them attracted to each other, “Like if you’d dreamed of a certain girl all your life and all of a sudden there she was, in your same Workroom” (47). Jeff and Heather have sex while Abnesti watches. He adds VerbaluceTM to their system and asks them to detail their intense love for one another while they continue having sex. After, they are allowed to stay together for an hour; the drugs start to wane, but Jeff still feels residual love for Heather.

Abnesti changes the drugs to bring them back to normal. They become embarrassed and stop feeling love. At lunch, Jeff thinks about his time with Heather: He has clear memories, but no longer feels any emotion for her except shame for having sex in front of Abnesti.

After lunch, another woman, Rachel, is brought in. The drugs are turned on, and the same thing happens: Jeff and Rachel fall in love and have passionate sex. Jeff experiences his feelings as unprecedented even though he had them all with Heather before lunch. Afterward, Jeff is intensely sad that “love could feel so real and the next minute be gone, and all because of something Abnesti was doing” (51).

Jeff is brought into the Control room and presented with a choice: Heather and Rachel are in another room, and he must give one of them DarkenfloxxTM, which makes subjects feel terrible. Jeff does not want to choose, as he feels it would be random, and he remembers how horrible DarkenfloxxTM is. Abnesti threatens both women, and Jeff still refuses to choose; for Abnesti, this means that the love drug works. Abnesti tells Jeff that, with the power to control whether or not someone loves another person, “we have unlocked a mysterious eternal secret […] Say someone can’t love? Now he or she can. We can make him” (55). He hints that Jeff would not have been put in prison if he’d had access to the drug, which bothers Jeff; he asks to go to bed, but he’s led back to a Workroom.

In the room is a man named Rogan, and they sit quietly while nothing happens. Jeff realizes what’s going on; he ducks into the Control Room and sees Heather, who admits that she has been asked to choose between the two men. Jeff correctly suspects that Rachel will be brought in next to make the same decision. He questions her, too, which annoys Abnesti. Jeff is put back in a Workroom with a new man, Keith, who admits he’s had sex with Rachel and Heather, too. Jeff tells Keith what’s happening, further irritating Abnesti. Later, Abnesti questions Jeff in his Domain. Jeff admits to feeling “jerked around” by the process but has no feelings of residual love or resentment.

The next day, Abnesti calls Jeff and tells him that their results are “not good enough for the Protocol Committee” (65). Abnesti is tense with his colleague Verlaine as he explains that Heather must receive DarkenfloxxTM  for five minutes while Jeff watches. When Jeff is hesitant, Abnesti implies that if Jeff knew of Heather’s crimes he might feel differently, then threatens to take away Jeff’s ability to Skype with his mother. Jeff relents, and the experiment begins: Heather weeps and paces while Jeff is ordered to speak in detail while on VerbaluceTM. Jeff opines poetically about the nature of pain while watching Heather suffer, and Verlaine and Abnesti conclude that he has no romantic feelings toward her. Jeff is forced to watch and narrate as Heather beats her head against a wall, takes a chair apart, and attempts suicide by beating herself with it.

Later that day, Jeff is brought back into Spiderhead. Abnesti is cagey about whether Heather lived and says he hated what happened; then he calls Rachel into a Workroom to “complete the next portion of our Confirmation Trial” (71).

Jeff hesitates again, and he is given Rachel’s file, which reveals addiction to drugs and a triple homicide. Verlaine says that the experiment is “Not even us […] It’s science” (72) and he and Abnesti argue that it’s for the greater good. When Jeff refuses to acknowledge the experiment, Verlaine and Abnesti get a waiver to inject him with DocilrydeTM, which will force compliance.

Jeff considers his complicity in Heather and Rachel’s fate, then recalls his own crime: When he was 19 and drunk, he got in a fight with Mike Appel and ended up killing him. Rachel asks what’s going on from her Workroom, and Jeff realizes that if he isn’t there to describe her receiving DarkenfloxxTM, there’s no reason to do the experiment. He looks around for a way to escape and sees that Abnesti has left his MobiPakTM remote. Jeff watches Rachel dancing absently—“Why was she dancing? No reason. Just alive, I guess” (78)—then turns on his own DarkenfloxxTM  and throws the remote down a vent. He dies by suicide using the edge of Abnesti’s desk.

Now dead, Jeff’s consciousness rises above Spiderhead and sees the other prisoners; he considers that they are victims of “neurological tendency and environmental activation” rather than willful criminals (78). He views Rachel, his mother, Mike Appel’s mother, and then Abnesti and Verlaine trying to save him. A “kind voice” offers him the chance to go back, which he declines. Jeff is happy in death, as he knows he has not killed someone and never will again.

“Escape from Spiderhead” Analysis

The premise of Escape from Spiderhead sets up the most cogent exploration of Soft Power and the Nature of Control in Tenth of December: Spiderhead is an authoritarian institution that has free reign to subjugate and experiment upon its prisoners. This setting has many real-world parallels, such as Nazi experiments and the CIA-run MKUltra program, but Saunders is more interested in exploring the way Abnesti uses guilt to manipulate Jeff and prevent more draconian measures. Abnesti positions himself as a collaborator with Jeff in a project that’s a benefit to humanity, and noncompliance or doubt is met with arguments that Jeff and his fellow prisoners deserve what happens to them because of their prior crimes. By presenting this argument and juxtaposing it with the brutal self-harm of Heather, Saunders offers a humanist take on punishment and reform: Jeff’s actions suggest that rehabilitation is possible but takes extraordinary effort within dehumanizing systems.

The workers of Spiderhead aren’t interested in rehabilitation and seem to be using the promise of it (Jeff has a therapist and access to his mother) as a further tool of control. Abnesti argues that dehumanizing the prisoners is for a greater good and that he has no choice to treat them differently when he says, “It’s not us, it’s science” (72), as though progress were its own imperative worthy of any harmful cost. But the experimental love drug itself, which could conceivably have therapeutic benefit, is almost immediately positioned as a weapon by Abnesti, who sees it as a way to preserve hegemony and force people toward the political ends of powerful people.

Ironically, it’s the experiment that gives Jeff the perspective and opportunity he needs to exert his agency and refuse to participate in a violent system. The experiment forces him to acknowledge not just the injustice he personally experiences through compulsory medical experimentation, but to confront how others are affected by his forced participation and how the cruelty is systemic. Saunders is careful not to reproduce Abnesti’s outlook that the prisoners’ crimes make them deserving of mistreatment; instead, the story emphasizes the innate humanity of the prisoners, considers the degree of choice an individual has in their participation in punitive justice, and interrogates the legitimacy of any act of cruelty regardless of its justification.

This is the first story in the collection to feature Saunders’s characteristic use of corporate speech and mood-altering drugs. This story presents the experimental drugs with a great deal of ambivalence: They induce an enlightened state, and cause Jeff to question the difference between an emotion that’s genuinely felt and a one that’s brought on by chemical impulse. Ultimately, he realizes that there’s not a difference: He compares his fight with Mike that landed him in prison to “[being] put on a drip called, like, Temper-Berst or something” (75). Jeff is also able to transcend the experiment and his own desires through focusing on Rachel, which establishes a connection between the themes Empathy is Difficult but Necessary Work and Doing the Right Thing; part of why empathy is necessary is because it better empowers an individual to recognize what the right thing is. What Jeff realizes while watching Rachel dance and articulates after his death is that everyone is trapped inside an authoritarian system of the self and circumstance, and his decision to sacrifice his own life for hers lets him finally escape from a world that dehumanizes everyone, both through intentional harm and through humanity’s nature.

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