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85 pages 2 hours read

Chris Rylander

The Fourth Stall

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

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Symbols & Motifs

The Books

Mac and Vince keep records and documentation in notebooks they refer to as their “Books.” Mac’s Books note customers, details, payments, and favors owed, while Vince’s Books are the money ledgers of payments, expenditures, debts, and profits. As the boys have several Funds (the Game Fund and the Emergency Fund total around $6,000; they also keep a “Tom Petty Fund” for petty cash needs), the Books are foundational to the running of the business and help to explain how two young boys managed the longevity and success of the venture since kindergarten.

These Books serve to assist in running the business, but they are also symbols of trust and devotedness because Mac and Vince must uphold the honor system in making any entries. Consequently, the Books contribute to the theme of “Trust, Loyalty, and Betrayal among Group Members.” Mac’s idea that Vince is growing distant and distracted occurs as Vince arrives early to school to check on his numbers and begins putting in extra time with his Books. When Mac’s uncomfortable suspicions about Vince grow too strong to ignore, he checks Vince’s Books and discovers a discrepancy in the money totals. This is how he learns that Vince was indeed skimming from the petty cash for household necessities when his mother lost her job. After Mac and Vince reconcile and defeat Staples, Mac sees inherently that good business is only as strong as its documentation, so after careful consideration, he adds Fred to the payroll as an official record keeper.

Keeping Secrets

A motif of keeping secrets connects plot points and provides dramatic irony in the novel. For example, because Mac does not reveal to his parents who vandalized their home, his mother is kind and generous to Staples, ironically, when he surprises Mac for a visit. Vince keeps his money needs a secret from Mac, opting to take petty cash and alter his Books instead of revealing the truth. Mac keeps some of his plans and decisions secret instead of sharing them with Vince, which leads to Mac’s suspicion that Vince is the one double-crossing him. Mac keeps his hiring of Tyrell a secret from everyone, including Vince, because not only did Vince strongly reject using Tyrell when they first suspected a rat, but now Mac suspects Vince and hires Tyrell to spy on Vince. In particular, Mac trusts only Tyrell Alishouse with his need to learn the truth about those closest to him, an ironic use of Tyrell’s talents for close surveillance and spy work that supports the theme of “A Combination of Talents Provides Insurance for Success.”

Fandom for the Cubs

Mac and Vince are passionate fans of the Chicago Cubs baseball team, and their shared interest is both a key point of their friendship and a driving force of their business. While they have set their sights on World Series tickets as a financial goal for their business, the two have a sincere interest in the team and the sport separate from any business dealings. Their ongoing trivia contest, their choice to watch the televised games together, and their time spent playing catch at the lake rental demonstrate the boys’ interest in and devotion to the team despite their consistent losses over their history. Baseball, in general, connotes youth and innocence, free-spirited summertime play, and leisure; the boys’ fandom helps remind the reader that they contrast with the hardened criminal mindset of Staples and—despite their business troubles—are two young boys who love their baseball team. Mac and Vince’s love of the Cubs contributes to the theme of “The Dichotomy between Innocence and Immorality.”

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