43 pages • 1 hour read
Alka JoshiA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In 1955, a girl named Radha is contemplating running away from her small Indian village of Ajar in the province of Uttar Pradesh. The local gossips call her the Bad Luck Girl because her family has experienced so much misfortune. Her mother is dead, and her drunken father recently drowned. Her older sister, Lakshmi, ran away from her husband 13 years earlier. Now Radha goes in search of this man, hoping he can reunite her with her sister, whose whereabouts are unknown.
Lakshmi is living in the large city of Jaipur. She has managed to succeed on her own as a talented henna artist for the rich women of the town. Now prosperous, she has hired a Muslim street urchin named Malik to fetch and carry her supplies for her. Lakshmi brings in additional money by dispensing herbal remedies to her clients.
One day, Lakshmi calls on a customer named Parvati Singh, who is well-connected to the ruling elite of the city. The henna artist is intent on arranging a marriage for Parvati’s son with a girl of a different caste. Being a matchmaker would bring more money to Lakshmi so that she could finish building her fine new home. Not knowing her parents are dead, Lakshmi dreams of one day bringing them to live with her, undoing the shame she brought on her family by running away from her husband.
Parvati offers to get Lakshmi an introduction to the maharani—the wife of the local ruler. With important contacts like this, Lakshmi could grow her business. However, Parvati wants Lakshmi to arrange her son’s marriage for free. The two women haggle politely and come to terms. As she leaves Parvati’s house, Lakshmi encounters Parvati’s husband, Samir, who is known to carry on affairs with other women. Lakshmi slips him some contraceptive sachets for his mistresses. He pays her and gives her the address of an Englishwoman who needs her services. The two are surprised by the arrival of Samir’s friend from Oxford, Dr. Kumar.
That night back at her apartment house, Lakshmi learns that a man with a facial scar has come searching for her. She realizes that her husband, Hari, has tracked her down and is waiting across the street from her home. She sends a neighbor out with a note for Hari to meet her later at her new house.
Lakshmi waits in her darkened house, which is still under construction. She is carrying a knife just in case her husband tries to attack her. When Hari arrives, he is accompanied by a girl Lakshmi has never seen. Much to her dismay, she discovers that the girl is her sister, Radha, and that her parents are dead.
Hari wants to reconcile, but Lakshmi demands a divorce. She is finally able to get him to leave her house by giving him some money. She expects he will continue to extort cash from her to keep quiet about her past. After he leaves, Lakshmi takes Radha home with her, her thoughts full of plans for how to take care of her new little sister.
The following morning, Lakshmi scrubs the dirt off Radha and gives her fresh clothing to make her look presentable. She also offers numerous instructions on how to behave in a civilized fashion. Malik arrives, and after some errands, Lakshmi tells Malik and Radha to prepare food while she pays a call on Samir’s English lady friend, Mrs. Harris.
The foreign woman says she is four months pregnant. The father might be her own husband, but she fears the baby may be Indian and wants to abort it. Lakshmi cautions her about the dangers of a late abortion but gives her three sachets of cotton root bark and explicit instructions on how to use the preparation.
Upon returning home, Lakshmi settles down to prepare various herbs, ointments, and oils for her customers. She learned this skill from her mother-in-law, or saas, who was the village healer. Lakshmi tells Radha about Hari’s abuse and why she left Ajar, while Radha talks about the shame brought on the family after Lakshmi disappeared. Their father, a schoolteacher, lost his post for defying the British, and the family sank into poverty.
After midnight, the sisters are awakened when Samir and his doctor friend, Kumar, arrive with Mrs. Harris. She has overdosed on the abortifacient and may die. Samir leaves to arrange a private hospital bed for her while Lakshmi and Kumar try to save her. Despite Kumar’s initial objections, Lakshmi applies a remedy that seems to help. After the two succeed in stabilizing the English woman’s condition, Samir reappears to take her to the hospital. Later, Radha asks Lakshmi why she helps women get rid of babies. Lakshmi says, “In the end, I repeated my saas’s words. ‘They have no one else to turn to’” (76).
The initial segment of The Henna Artist introduces The Role of Women in Traditional Society. Lakshmi rebels against tradition by running away from Hari, and her family makes the consequences of that rebellion clear immediately. As Lakshmi observes, “In India, individual shame did not exist. Humiliation spread, as easily as oil on wax paper, to the entire family” (92). Unbeknownst to Lakshmi, it is Radha who bears the brunt of that shame after the rest of the family is dead. The recurring motif of gossip first appears in this section, where it plays a pivotal role in fanning the flames of social disapproval. While social disapproval isn’t unknown in Western society, it plays a material role in Indian culture: Due to Lakshmi’s actions, her family is deprived of its livelihood, and after her parents die, Radha is deprived of a home and is forced to endure a variety of other deprivations.
This scenario introduces the theme of Traditional Values Versus Western Influence. Throughout the novel, the main characters question whether such harsh consequences are valid and why they shouldn’t be able to choose their own lives. Self-determination is a Western concept that differs significantly from India’s traditional family-centric notion of identity, and similar conflicts between tradition and Westernization occur throughout the novel. The period after independence was marked by an effort to decolonize the mind and promote self-reliance. Yet, the influence of Western education and legal systems remained strong, creating an ongoing internal struggle to assert an Indian identity that was distinct from the Western framework imposed during colonial rule. The colonial legacy also left a significant psychological impact, with many Indians grappling with the effects of Western domination. This parallels the male-dominated gender dynamic of traditional society from which Lakshmi struggles to free herself.
Since the root of Lakshmi’s offense is a woman’s rebellion against the authority of her husband, the novel makes it clear that a wife is seen as an object to be owned. When Hari comes to reclaim Lakshmi, she thinks he may resort to violence to assert his rights, so she carries a knife to defend herself. The theme of powerless women dovetails with another theme foregrounded in this segment, Motherhood as a Personal Choice. Lakshmi asserts the right to choose her own destiny by running away from an abusive spouse rather than staying and becoming a mother, as is expected of her. She is also supporting the right to choose motherhood by creating contraceptive sachets for other women, an act that is illegal and is considered highly immoral. This foreshadows Radha’s pregnancy and its consequences later in the novel.
By Alka Joshi
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