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45 pages 1 hour read

C. S. Lewis

The Last Battle

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1956

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Chapters 13-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary: “How the Dwarfs Refused to be Taken In”

Tirian thought they were in a little stable, but they are standing outside on grass under a blue sky. A grove of trees with beautifully colored fruit is nearby. Everyone pauses hesitates picking fruit, but King Peter declares they are in the country “where everything is allowed” (125). Nothing in the human world compares to the fruit’s delicious taste. Peter tells how he and Edmund arrived in Narnia. They were standing on the station platform and saw Eustace’s train taking the bend too fast. Their parents were aboard the same train. Edmund says there was a roar and something hit him, but it did not hurt. Lord Digory says it was the same for their group on the train. He and Polly suddenly stopped feeling old.

When the group arrived, nothing happened until the door opened. Peter tells Tirian that he saw Tirian came through that door with Rishda a few minutes ago. Tirian then sees a wooden door in a door frame standing by itself in the open air. He walks entirely around it. Peter urges Tirian to look through a crack in the door; when he does, Tirian sees the bonfire. Digory says the inside of the Stable is bigger than its outside.

Lucy recounts what the group initially saw through the door: A Calormene stood next to it ready to strike with his sword, but Tash suddenly appeared, so when the cat came through the door, it ran for its life. Then Tash vanished and the younger Calormene came in, surprising the sentry. The two men fought, and the older one was killed and flung out the door. Afterwards, the younger Calormene kept searching for Tash, although Lucy tried to talk to him. Then Shift came through the door and Tash ate him. Then came the dwarfs, Jill, Eustace, and Tirian. Tash did not eat the dwarfs.

Lucy tries to make friends with the dwarfs, but it is no use: The dwarfs can hear but not see the humans, and they believe they are in a pitch-black, smelly little stable. In fact, the dwarfs sit outside, surrounded by trees, but they think the humans are trying to fool them into thinking they are not in a black hole.

The earth shakes, the air grows sweeter, and the humans turn to see Aslan. Tirian, trembling, flings himself at Aslan’s feet. Aslan kisses him, praising him for standing firm “at the darkest hour” (134). Lucy asks Aslan to do something for the dwarfs. Aslan shows her what he can and cannot do. He produces a glorious feast for the dwarfs, but they perceive it as hay. Aslan says that the dwarfs will not receive help because they are so afraid of being tricked. Aslan then goes to the door (now “the Door”) and loudly roars that it is time. The Door flies open.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Night falls on Narnia”

The group stands on the right side of Aslan and looks through the open doorway. They see that the bonfire has gone out. Then they perceive the dark shape of an enormous giant rise up from where he has been asleep in a cave. Jill and Eustace recall hearing long ago that a giant named Father Time would awaken on the day Narnia ended. The giant blows a horn and the sky fills with shooting stars that fall until no stars are left above. Aslan has called these glittering star people home, and they stand behind Aslan’s group to the right; Aslan’s “great” and “terrible” shadow falls to their left.

Huge dragons and giant lizards move from the north into the Narnian woods, prompting millions of creatures, including talking beasts, dwarfs, and Calormenes, to run up to the doorway where Aslan stands. As the creatures pass through the doorway, they look at Aslan’s face. Those whose faces show hatred and fear disappear into Aslan’s gigantic black shadow; the talking beasts in this group lose their speech and become ordinary beasts. Those who look at Aslan and love him, even if they are frightened, come to Aslan’s right. Eustace recognizes some strange choices among those on the right, including a dwarf who helped shoot the talking horses, but decides that it is not for him to question Aslan’s judgment. Joyfully, he also recognizes friends he thought were dead, including Jewel, Farsight, Poggin, and Roonwit.

The dragons and lizards tear up Narnia’s forests and then die themselves. There is a roar as a rising sea covers everything. A large, red, dying sun rises and entangles the moon in its flames. Aslan orders the giant to finish, and the giant squeezes the sun until it goes out. Aslan commands Peter to shut the Door. Shivering in the cold and total darkness, Peter pulls the Door closed and locks it with a golden key.

Suddenly, all find themselves in a warm, sunlit land as Aslan shouts, “Come farther in! Come farther up!” (144). Lucy and Tirian mourn Narnia’s death as they walk away from the Door and the dwarfs, who still sit in their imaginary stable. The dogs excitedly pick up the scent of a Calormene and lead Peter’s group to where young Emeth sits under a tree by a stream. Emeth courteously greets them. Jill asks Emeth to tell what happened to him as the humans sit down on the grass.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Farther Up and Farther In”

Emeth tells his story: He initially rejoiced at the prospect of facing the Narnians as a warrior, but he felt ashamed when he learned that he and other Calormenes were to sneak into Narnia disguised as merchants and work by lies. Since boyhood he had served the god Tash, and the name of Aslan was hateful to him, so he was shocked when Shift said the two gods were one. He became convinced that the beast brought out of the Stable every night was not a god. It enraged him that his commanding officer, Rishda, did not believe in Tash at all. After Ginger emerged from the Stable, Emeth’s desire to enter and see the real Tash overcame his fear. Inside he found a Calormene set to kill anyone who did not collude in Rishda’s fraudulent plot, so Emeth fought him. When Emeth looked around afterwards, he found he was outside in a pleasant, sunlit land and began to seek Tash. Instead, Aslan welcomed him as a “Beloved Son.” Aslan explained to Emeth that he and Tash are opposites. Therefore, any good service is actually done for Aslan, while anything vile is done for Tash. Without knowing it, Emeth was really seeking Aslan.

Puzzle suddenly arrives, looking like a beautiful donkey with a gentle, honest face. When everyone asks where he has been, he admits to avoiding Aslan because he is ashamed of having dressed in the lion skin. Then they all move forward and westward. The beauty of their surroundings reminds them of Narnia, but Digory says it is “[m]ore like the real thing” (153). The Narnia that just died was only a shadow of the real Narnia: “All of the old Narnia that mattered, all the dear creatures, have been drawn into the real Narnia through the Door” (154), just as England is only a “copy of something in Aslan’s real world” (154). Digory states that this is all in Plato. Jewel realizes that he has come home at last to the land he sought all his life. He loved the old Narnia because it sometimes resembled this real Narnia. He urges them to come farther up and farther in. Everyone is astonished to find they can run as fast as Jewel without tiring.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Farewell to Shadowlands”

Eustace shouts when they see Caldron Pool and the waterfall pouring down the high, unclimbable cliffs. Farsight and Jewel tell them not to stop but to go farther up and farther in. It seems impossible, but they discover they can move straight up the waterfall. Lucy notices they do not feel afraid—only excited. They run into the Western Wild, which only Digory and Polly have seen before, on the day the world was made. They run faster until they are almost flying over valleys and lakes, and they see a steep hill with a green wall around its top. Trees with silver leaves and gold fruit are visible above the wall. The group charges up the hill until they face huge golden gates, pausing to see if it is right to enter. A great horn blows and the gates open. A talking mouse wearing a sword hails them in Aslan’s name, surprising Tirian. Peter, Edmund, and Lucy rush to greet Reepicheep. Tirian realizes this mouse is the great Narnian hero. Suddenly, Tirian is greeted by his father, who looks the way he did in his younger days. A great winged horse, Fledge, emerges and addresses Digory and Polly, who kiss it.

When the group enters the garden, everyone honorable in Narnian history is present, including Puddleglum the Marsh-wiggle, King Rilian, King Caspian, Bree the horse, and Tumnus the faun. Seated on thrones are King Frank and Queen Helen, the pair from whom all the ancient kings of Narnia and Archenland are descended. Lucy comments to her oldest Narnian friend, Mr. Tumnus, that the garden is like the Stable—bigger inside than outside. Mr. Tumnus says the worlds are like an onion, except as you go farther up and in, each circle is larger and more real than the last. Lucy discovers she can see England as if through a telescope: the real, inner England in which “no good thing is destroyed” (164). They see Lucy’s father and mother and Professor Kirk’s country home. Mr. Tumnus tells Lucy that all “real countries […] are only spurs” from Aslan’s mountains (164). They are walking to meet her parents when Lucy sees the dazzling Aslan leaping down cliffs. Aslan first calls Puzzle to him, whispering something that make Puzzle’s long ears go down but then saying something that perks them up again.

Lucy tells Aslan that they are afraid of being sent back to their own world. Aslan softly tells them that there was a railway accident and that all of them are dead, so the Shadowlands “term” is over and the “holidays” have begun. For them, it is only the beginning of “the Great Story which no one on earth has read” but “every chapter is better than the one before” (165).

Chapters 13-16 Analysis

The book’s final chapters describe Aslan as a creator calling an end to the old world of Narnia and introducing the English children to the eternal world. In Chapter 13, Lewis hints more strongly that a railroad accident occurred in England when the train on which Eustace, Jill, Lucy, Professor Kirke, Aunt Polly, and the Pevensie parents were riding appeared to be “taking the bend far too fast” (125). Peter and Edmund were waiting on the station platform when there “was a frightful roar” (126). Edmund recalls that something hit him “with a bang” but that “it didn’t hurt” (126). Another clue is the physical state of the characters: Edmund’s sports injury is suddenly healed and Digory and Polly no longer feel old. The appearance of these characters in Narnia is also telling, as Lewis has previously stated that the older children and adults could not return there. The explanation, as Aslan reveals at the end of the book, is that they have died, leaving behind their old, imperfect world—the “Shadowlands”—to inhabit the perfect real world. In Aslan’s country, even the fruit the characters eat is pristine; it has “no seeds or stones, and no wasps” (125).

With the description of the Stable as bigger inside than outside—a description that seemingly defies geometry—Lewis indicates that the spiritual, eternal world the characters have entered exceeds the physical, temporary world in ways humans cannot even conceive of. Lucy refers to the symbolism of the stable as the place where Christ was born when she announces that “in our world too, a Stable once had something inside it that was bigger than our whole world” (128). Lucy then explains what happened to the various creatures who entered the Stable door in the old Narnia, as their belief determined their experience. Lewis uses the example of the dwarfs who find they cannot see to illustrate the experience of those who are spiritually lost. Even though they sit in the same paradise enjoyed by the believers, the dwarfs imagine they are in a smelly little stable. Aslan points out that the dwarfs are so fearful of being tricked that even he cannot help them out of their self-imposed prison. The episode both satirizes skepticism so extreme that it lapses into denial of reality and illustrates Lewis’s understanding of God’s mercy. The latter is potentially available to all, but some shut themselves off from it.

The end of Narnia offers a more conventional view of God’s judgment. When Father Time awakens, Aslan calls the stars home so they fall from the sky, and the sun and moon both die. This parallels the biblical account of the last days in Mark 13:24-25: “[T]he sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars of heaven shall fall.” The separation of creatures at the Door resembles the biblical Last Judgment, as each creature’s reaction to Aslan determines their eternal destiny. Lewis emphasizes the theme of the possibility of redemption when he notes that there are “some queer specimens” among those admitted to Aslan’s right side (140). Aslan also tells Emeth that any good he did was for Aslan; the false god Tash only accepts evil service. Consequently, even though Emeth thought he was seeking Tash, he was really pursuing Aslan. With the example of Emeth, Lewis offers an explanation for how those raised in what he would view as an erroneous religious tradition could still be redeemed.

Another theme in these final chapters is the preservation of goodness. The children learn that they do not have to mourn the destroyed Narnia because “all of the old Narnia that mattered, all of the dear creatures, have been drawn into the real Narnia through the Door” (154). They also discover that in Aslan’s eternal world, they are “now looking at the England within England, the real England just as this is the real Narnia. And in that inner England no good thing is destroyed” (163-64). Lewis refers to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave to illustrate the idea that the material world is only a vague echo of the real spiritual world. Despite featuring both death and the ending of a world, the final chapter thus leaves the children set to begin a far greater adventure “in which every chapter is better than the one before” (165).

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