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49 pages 1 hour read

Michelle Obama

The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 1, Chapters 3-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

Obama’s friend Ron begins each morning by greeting himself warmly in the mirror. Ron’s daily act of kindness toward himself prompted Obama to consider people’s relationships with themselves. She notes that Ron is a particularly warm, confident, and successful person. Obama feels that many people, herself included, struggle to show kindness to themselves and instead generate critical thoughts about their appearance. After hearing about Ron’s ritual, Obama decided to try to start her day with a similar act of kindness toward herself.

The author recommends extending this kindness to others too, referencing Toni Morrison’s advice that parents should try to “light up” when they see their children rather than appear critical, arguing that this “simple message of enoughness” (80-81) helps kids build their sense of self-worth. Obama references research showing that teachers who greet kids individually as they enter the classroom enjoy better student engagement in their lessons. She argues that this small kindness can help set the tone for future interactions. Obama reminisces about hosting children at the White House as First Lady. She recalls how the kids were happy to be hugged and receive her “straightforward gladness for them” (83). Beginning each day with a kind thought makes people more “self-assured” and encourages a sense of gratitude for what one has. Obama urges people to recognize negative self-talk as it arises and try to substitute it with kinder words to “box out the inner critic and push your gladness up front” (85).

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

Obama revisits how feeling different can become a psychological burden, noting that people may feel different for many reasons, such as their faith, ethnicity, sexuality, and more. She recalls how, growing up, her height made her feel self-conscious. She was significantly taller than other girls and felt bad about being placed at the back of line-ups or concert stages because of her height. While people admired her brother’s physical strength, and it helped him become an accomplished basketball player, Obama felt that her own strength was unwelcome. Inspired by Olympian Nadia Comaneci, 12-year-old Obama signed up for acrobatics at her local dance studio. When she noticed shorter girls acquiring the new skills more quickly than her, Obama found it “embarrassing” and “demoralizing” and, disappointed, soon quit. She shares that a lack of athletic female role models frustrated her; few women were then celebrated athletes, and Obama never saw a Black woman compete in athletics. She recalls “grasping for heroes” because it was “hard to dream about what is not visible” (95).

Throughout Obama’s adolescence, she remained self-conscious about her height and struggled to “fit in,” both literally (into typical girls’ clothes) and figuratively (in her high school environment). She argues that such self-consciousness can become a kind of “self-sabotage” because it prompts people to develop an overly critical self-talk and imagine how others must perceive them. Obama relates a story about a close friend who grew up as the only Black child in her neighborhood and endured racist behavior from a teacher, revealing that these memories of differentness remain a painful wound for that friend.

In contrast, Obama never felt out of place as a child because she grew up in a predominately Black part of Chicago. This changed when she went to Princeton as a 19-year-old and encountered a mostly white and male student population. While Obama didn’t have a “concept of entitlement” (102), she did notice that some students were much more at ease than she was and didn’t feel the need to prove themselves. Admittance to the school didn’t make her feel that she belonged there, and she “felt different and occasionally diminished” (102). Obama reflects on how alarming it felt to suddenly be a minority, a feeling that was exacerbated by peers and teachers who “seemed afraid” of her “alien” self (104). Obama coped with this new environment by befriending other Black students and bonding with a new mentor who was the director of the multicultural center on campus. By sharing their experiences, Obama and her new friends helped reassure each other that the bias they experienced was real, and she felt less isolated and lonely. Nevertheless, she struggled with being “hyper-aware” of her differences, and she warns that such prolonged self-consciousness can “take away your footing and what you know to be true about yourself” (106).

Obama recalls her father’s philosophy that others’ negativity can’t affect people with solid self-esteem. Her father made a decision to not allow the injustice he faced to define him or his self-worth, giving him a confident “ease from within” (107). Instead of dwelling on his own past, he encouraged his children to look to the future, emphasizing education, activism, curiosity, and ambition. Obama admits that it took years for her to live out her father’s philosophy and that she began by accepting aspects of herself that she couldn’t change and trying to take pride in those traits instead. Obama thus learned to focus on her own agency and tune out others’ negative behavior.

Part 1, Chapters 3-4 Analysis

In these chapters, the author emphasizes the importance of positive self-talk and self-esteem. She uses a psychological study to support her claim that showing “gladness” or appreciation for others can help improve their lives. She directs this finding to another point, arguing that people should show this kindness to themselves first: “It’s easy to forget we can do this for ourselves. We are capable of making a home delivery of approval and kindness, even to the weary and imperfect person who appears before us in the mirror” (84). These discussions develop the theme of Resilience Through Personal Agency, as they underscore the difference that conscious thoughts and actions can make in transforming people’s lives. She builds on this idea by reflecting on her father’s maxim for life: “No one can make you feel bad if you feel good about yourself” (106). Obama’s admission that it took her many years to really live by her father’s words make her more relatable and she challenges others to consider what influences their own self-esteem.

In addition, Obama builds on the theme of Differentness and Belonging. She identifies two major experiences that made her feel “different” in a negative way: being conspicuously tall growing up, and being a Black student at Princeton in the 1980s. In sharing these painful experiences, Obama reflects on the consequences of “differentness,” which she argues can be detrimental to people’s sense of self and mental health. For example, while at Princeton, Obama was often self-conscious and “hyper-aware of my differentness” (105), worrying about how other students’ were judging her—which, she warns, “can mess with your head if you let it” (105). In addition, these anecdotes provide an engaging foundation for her argument that people should focus on the aspects of their life that they can control rather than concentrating on the ways they’re different. Furthermore, they humanize Obama and paint a vivid recollection of her formative years.

These stories also help Obama emphasize her argument that representation and role models are a crucial part of inspiring young people. An athletic child, Obama was disappointed that in the 1960s, “[r]arely did you see a woman sweat, strive, or play on a team” (94). Even more disappointing, TV and film at the time had few well-rounded female or Black characters: “Black people were often depicted as criminals or maids; almost never did they show up as doctors, lawyers, artists, professors, or scientists” (95). Obama’s admission that she felt a “broader loneliness” and was “grasping for heroes” supports her argument that a diverse media culture would better reflect and inspire audiences (95).

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