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91 pages 3 hours read

Christina Diaz Gonzalez

The Red Umbrella

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Chapters 13-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary: “Cuba Radio Broadcasts Appeal for More Spies —The Oakland Tribune, May 31, 1961”

After four days, Papa returns home from jail. Lucia, Frankie, and Mama are excited to see him, so they rush to his side as he walks toward the house. The family moves together as a unit, with “no one wanting to let go” (125). Once Papa is seated in his favorite chair, the kids sit with him. Papa reaches into his pocket and returns Mama’s wedding band. He explains that they have nothing left and he has lost his job. Papa will try to earn money as a handyman, but Lucia thinks about how she has “never seen papa fix anything around [the] house” (127). When Lucia asks if Tio Antonio might be able to help, Papa gets agitated. He tells the family that they are never to mention him again. While he was arrested, Antonio told Papa that he deserves whatever happens to him. Papa explains that they “can’t count on anyone, anymore” (128).

Chapter 14 Summary: “Fidel Sends Tots to Reds —The Delaware County Daily Times, June 2, 1961”

Lucia feels that her entire life has been turned upside down. Her best friend is gone, and her life is changing. Frankie begs to go to the beach, but Mama refuses. Lucia’s mother is acting strangely. She is waiting for Alicia Milian, Laura’s mother, to come by. The Milians are known anti-revolutionists. When Alicia arrives, Mama sends Lucia upstairs. Later that evening, Papa calls the family into the living room. Lucia knows something is wrong. Papa says he and Mama have decided to send Lucia and Frankie to the United States. He explains that if they do not go to the US, then Castro will ship them off to be indoctrinated by the government. Mama and Papa have already made plans for the kids to leave Cuba. Alicia Milian brought visas for the children, and they must leave the next morning. Mama and Papa are devastated, and Frankie rushes upstairs. Lucia wants to “scream, yell, beg” (135), but she knows nothing will change Papa’s mind. Lucia quietly accepts her fate and does as her father asks by going upstairs to pack a single bag and one box of cigars to sell once reaching the US.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Cuban Refugees Set for Long Exile—Flights Booked Solid —The Christian Science Monitor, June 3, 1961”

Lucia and her family are at the Havana airport. There are many other families there, also with children they are sending to Miami. Mama and Papa say a tearful goodbye to Lucia and Frankie. Papa tells them to ask for their friend “George” when they land in Miami. Lucia realizes that Mama’s diamond earrings are gone. She tells Lucia that it is a “small price to pay to get airline tickets for you and Frankie” (140-41). After soldiers search their luggage, Lucia and Frankie are led to a waiting area with other kids. Two intimidating soldiers pick several kids at random to search for contraband. Luckily, Lucia and Frankie are not chosen.

Lucia and Frankie are waiting for their flight when Laura Milian approaches Lucia. They are taking the same flight. Laura tells Lucia that it was her uncle Antonio who betrayed Papa. Lucia does not want to believe it, but she is convinced. Lucia regrets blaming Ivette, and she rushes to the window to mouth the words “It… was… Tio” to her father. He responds by mouthing “I know.” An announcement declares that the flight to Miami is boarding, and Frankie and Lucia take their place in line. From the plane, Lucia looks out at the city of Havana. Lucia and Frankie scan the crowd outside for their parents, and “in the middle of the small crowd, against the bright blue sky, a big red umbrella opened up” (149). The plane takes off, and Lucia whispers “adios.”

Chapter 16 Summary: “Arrests Intensified in Cuba Provence —The Hartford Courant, June 3, 1961”

The plane nears Miami. Many children cry, and Lucia wishes her parents were with her and Frankie. Miami reminds her of Cuba at first, though once they pass the beaches, it looks very different. After the plane lands at the airport, Lucia and Frankie are unsure of what to do next. Laura sees her godfather, and other kids are reunited with relatives or family friends. Laura askes Lucia who is there for them, and Frankie says, “We’re meeting our friend George” (155).

The airport is chaotic, and Lucia feels uncertain. Then, tall man approaches and identifies himself as George. Lucia is nervous, but she senses that George will do his best to help them. After getting their bags, the kids go with George to his car. George takes them to a facility called Kendall, which houses Cuban refugee children. They discover that boys and girls are housed separately, and Frankie becomes very upset. Lucia promises that she will see him every day and that she will figure something out so they can be together. Lucia meets Mrs. Eckhart, who oversees the girls’ dormitory, and she leaves Frankie in George’s car. He yells for her as she walks into the large, quiet building.

Chapters 13-16 Analysis

These chapters are a pivotal point in the novel. The story reaches its climax as Papa is arrested and the kids are put on a plane to Miami. As Lucia and Frankie leave Cuba, the long path to a narrative resolution begins.

The major themes at work here touch on Lucia’s coming of age and how politics affect relationships. Lucia demonstrates increasing maturity in these chapters. She is determined to appear strong in front of her parents because she senses that her distress will only make things harder for them. She also wants to appear strong for Frankie, to reassure him that everything will be okay. In her thoughts, Lucia still believes that the situation will resolve soon and that her parents will send for them in a matter of weeks, revealing that some of her youthful naivete still lingers.

Even as Lucia grows wiser and more mature, politics still destroy many relationships. When Lucia discovers that Ivette did not betray her, she feels bad and hopes to make amends by writing letters of apology. Despite their deep connection as childhood friends, their relationship grows increasingly fragile because of their conflicting beliefs. Family relationships are also at stake, as the conflict between Papa and Uncle Antonio exemplifies. Antonio’s betrayal wounds Papa so deeply that he completely cuts Antonio out of their family dynamic, asserting that his brother’s name will never be mentioned in their house again.

Several major symbols recur in these chapters. At the airport, Lucia discovers that Mama’s diamond earrings are missing. Mama explains that she sold them for plane tickets. This is important because the earrings were the family’s last possession of any value, and they represented Mama’s autonomy and defiance of the revolution. Now, this last piece of individuality and personal wealth is lost. This emphasizes the importance of family, as Mama says the earrings are trivial compared to Lucia and Frankie’s safety. The red umbrella also reappears, in Chapter 16. The children see the umbrella and spot their parents in the large crowd below the airplane. This bright umbrella continues to represent the Alvarez family, marking them as unique in a crowd and unique in a country under pressure to conform to Castro’s ideals.

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