49 pages • 1 hour read
N. K. JemisinA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section references xenophobia and racism, including slurs and racist violence. There are also allusions to anti-gay/anti-queer sentiment.
The unnamed primary avatar of New York City introduces himself as Neek: “NYC, only pronounce the Y like ‘ee,’ not ‘why’” (9). He muses on the ever-changing nature of cities and explains that three months have passed since the avatars’ last confrontation with R’lyeh, who is still hovering above Staten Island and trying to control the city. Her tactics include broadcasting a nightmarish song that causes individuals to think xenophobic or violent thoughts. However, the residents of New York respond by making their own noise in response, drowning out R’lyeh’s song.
Neek contemplates the changes that he and the others have undergone since becoming avatars. While they no longer need to eat or sleep, most of them still live normal human lives, continuing to work jobs and attend classes. Out of concern for Neek not having a house, Manny has begun renting a five-bedroom place in Harlem. In addition to Manny and Neek, Bel (Manny’s original roommate) and Veneza (the avatar of Jersey City) live there. Neek enjoys his newfound luxuries but confesses that he frequently spends nights exploring the city.
Neek walks past the apartment’s bathroom and spots Manny. He contemplates their relationship: While they’re mutually attracted to one another, Neek is hesitant to let Manny get close because Manny’s background is mysterious and because Neek is afraid of intimacy. The two of them discuss R’lyeh, deciding it would be unwise to go on the offensive by themselves at this point. Using the lexicon of compiled city knowledge that newly awakened cities receive, Neek notes that their understanding of R’lyeh has changed. More than just a monster that attacks with brute force, they know that R’lyeh has developed subtler, more modern tactics, manipulating systems and structures of power rather than just individuals. The avatars are going to have to find new ways to combat her in return.
Suddenly, Neek gets hit with an extrasensory auditory experience full of angry voices from outside the city, describing it as a “sudden ramp-up of outsider hate like nothing I’ve ever felt before” (16). When Neek comes to, he is surrounded by his concerned roommates. The other avatars have felt a bit of the vision, but only Neek received the full force.
In the morning the avatars learn from the news that several prominent Republican political figures were posting online about the supposed corruption of New York City the night before, leading the topic to trend. When they check the news, they see Panfilo, a man running for mayor on a platform of restricting immigration, cutting social services, enshrining traditional gender roles, and protecting the police. They conclude that he was likely behind the hate-fest.
Padmini approaches job offer day at her workplace, which she refers to as “Evilcorp,” with some amount of confidence. She feels some gratitude for the job, which has given her financial stability, allowed her to help her family, and built up her experience. She particularly needs the company to support her H-1B specialty worker visa application, which allows her to stay in the United States. She knows she is talented, but she also recognizes that she doesn’t fit in with the other interns, many of whom are from more privileged backgrounds and in the process of achieving terminal degrees (Padmini is in a master’s program).
Padmini’s supervisor, Joe, tells her that they will not be offering her a job since there were some concerns about how she would fit in. Padmini objects, noting how she puts in twice as many hours as her internship allows, takes time and energy to correct her teammates’ mistakes, and looks the other way when other employees mistreat her. Padmini cries as security escorts her out with only a small box containing various accouterments that she kept in the office, including a “Welcome to New York!” snow globe.
Worried about finding another company to hire her and support her visa, Padmini breaks down in earnest on the subway. Three different individuals from Queens offer her consolation and comfort, making her briefly feel better before she is abruptly shifted into another reality. In this other reality, she sees something she has never seen before but recognizes: the metaversal tree. It is a place where Padmini can see every universe in relation to the others, “where one can witness the dynamism of the entire multiverse in an exponential cauliflower-cluster fractal spread of possibility” (27). At the base of the tree, everything disappears into bright white light, beyond which Padmini can’t see anything else. She gets the sense that she is being watched and suddenly snaps back to her human reality with the sense that something is wrong.
Exiting the subway, Padmini realizes that Queens (the city) is no longer alive in the way that it was. The enemy has not killed it, but the vitality and awareness that she previously embodied is gone, and she has returned to a normal human state of being. She walks home in a daze until a man on the street calls her a racial slur. When she ignores him, the man claims that she’s a foreigner who is spreading viruses and stealing jobs.
Padmini responds with anger, telling him to leave her alone, and people in the vicinity laugh and cheer her on. As she turns to leave there is a crack, and a long tendril comes curling from the sky. At the end is an appendage, like flower petals, that attaches itself to the neck of the man who insulted her. The man begins to distort, the color seeping out of him and his body growing extra limbs and bulging in unnatural ways. Without any powers to defend herself, Padmini turns to run, but the man hits her in the back of the head, and she falls. Others come to Padmini’s defense, one woman whacking him with a newspaper and others yelling at him to leave her alone. The energy generated by these individuals restores Queens to life, and Padmini’s city-power returns. Padmini picks up her snow globe and hits the distorted man-creature with it, driving out the tendril and returning the man to his natural human form. Padmini tells the others not to hurt the man and goes home.
Manny is unsure of who he is or what he wants, including whether he should stay in his graduate program. Though he’s doing well, he doesn’t know if his duties as the avatar of Manhattan make his degree pointless. Furthermore, he doesn’t fully know what his past life was like (he forgot everything upon becoming Manhattan’s avatar), although he has discovered he’s well-off, with multiple streams of income hidden within “a complex layer of incorporations, offshore accounts, and accounting complexities that seem designed to do nothing but provide layers of obfuscation” (38). Manny is hesitant to dig too deep, instead enjoying his influence over Manhattan, which brings him a deep sense of fulfillment. He feels the borough needs him, as it has had a difficult time with the loss of residents to gentrification and the collapse of the Williamsburg Bridge (the bridge sustained damage during the initial conflict between Neek and R’lyeh in The City We Became). Like Padmini, Manny feels a sense of being watched and wants to take proactive measures to protect his city.
Entering his avatar state, he follows city transportation lines to traverse the city using the concept of “hurrying home” and thus travels to Brooklyn’s house, where the avatars of New York City are meeting. Padmini reveals that she lost her job and was briefly destabilized as the avatar of Queens. The others point out that the job might not have been in her best interest, which would explain why the city didn’t secure it for her. Neek says that her description of the tendril and what it did to the man resembles what attacked him on the day New York City was born, thus confirming that R’lyeh must have orchestrated the attack. Bronca notes that Padmini’s experience is unprecedented, and they consider whether Panfilo might be part of R’lyeh’s new scheme. Brooklyn remarks, “Panfilo is a threat because of his ‘us versus them’ framing, which suggests that only certain kinds of people really belong in New York” (50), and they consider how he might manipulate stereotypes of and fears about the city. This could affect enough change to destabilize the situation and allow R’lyeh to attack. Before they can continue strategizing, the avatars hear a commotion outside and rush to investigate.
Brooklyn approaches the commotion, where a honking caravan of vehicles on Nostrand Avenue blocks traffic, displaying the Confederate flag, the Thin Blue Line flag, Nazi swastikas, and pro-Panfilo signage. She suspects this caravan is targeting this neighborhood because it is home to many ethnic minorities and micro-communities. The demonstrators trade insults back and forth with people on the street until one man escalates by pulling out a paintball gun. He opens fire on the crowd, causing chaos. Brooklyn notes with horror that there are real wounds being inflicted and blood everywhere. Manny says that the paintballs are frozen. Other demonstrators pull out more paintball guns and pepper spray, and the scene becomes increasingly violent. Brooklyn notices two cops watching from the safety of their vehicle, not intervening.
Angered, Brooklyn uses a construct to silence the entire street. The police order everyone to disperse, but Brooklyn starts up Biggie’s “Can’t You See” on a nearby speaker and begins to eject the cops as well as the demonstrators’ vehicles and flags from the scene. She tells the remaining demonstrators to leave, and they do, shaken by what happened. As everyone disperses, Brooklyn discovers that a paintball has hit and badly injured her daughter, JoJo.
At the hospital, Brooklyn runs into a renowned reporter, Mariam Dabby from NY1, who asks her if she’d like to make a statement about the incident. Overcome with anger, both in her human self and city self, Brooklyn tells Mariam that people like the attackers claim New York’s history and status for their own but then try to change it. She gives a speech about how New York will overcome the outsiders, calling out Panfilo in the process, and ends by declaring her candidacy for mayor of New York City.
Japanese celebrities, to convince her to call a Summit of all the city avatars. She dismisses him, telling him that New York City’s peril does not concern her and that, as she is not an elder city, she cannot call a Summit anyway. Manhattan points out that R’lyeh is funding her company’s biggest rival, the Kansei group. He produces a photo of the chairwoman of the Kansei Group: It is the Woman in White. He tells Tokyo that the TMW corporation has a subsidiary in Tokyo known as Municipal Improvement Holdings, which is trying to influence housing policies in several Japanese cities and has a lot of movement in Kyoto. After Manhattan leaves, Tokyo throws the file that he gave her away, noting his youth and immaturity. However, his comment about Kyoto concerns her since she felt that city would soon be reborn. She calls another city to begin her own investigation.
Padmini wakes up mid-morning after spending most of the evening at the hospital with Brooklyn and JoJo. She enjoys some time with her family, including her niece Vadhana; she eats some of her favorite foods, and her aunt encourages her to believe in herself and her future. She also suggests to Padmini that she marry to solve her visa issue, but Padmini resists this, suggesting she’s aromantic and potentially asexual.
As she settles in to study for her classes, the family’s door buzzer sounds. When Padmini asks the person who they are, a garbled and unintelligible voice replies. Then they begin beating on the door and identify themselves as the NYPD. Aishwarya, Padmini’s aunt, denies them entry and speaks to them through the door. Aishwarya uncovers that they’re actually ICE, here because of a report that Padmini has been illegally working out-of-status. Her aunt insists that they check with her school to verify that she is still in status. Padmini texts the other city avatars to see if Panfilo is anti-immigration, and the others quickly reply in the affirmative, noting that “lately he’s praised ICE harassing legal immigrants too, especially ones from non-white countries” (75). The ICE officers leave after saying they will be watching the household. Worried for the safety of her family, Padmini moves into the extra room at Manny’s apartment.
The first chapters set up the central themes and conflicts of the book. In the very first chapter, Neek observes that R’lyeh isn’t only attacking individuals, but also employing long-term manipulation of institutions and systems. The novel is particularly interested in Navigating Corrupt Systems, which predate R’lyeh’s interference but which she uses to her advantage.
The rot within these systems often intersects with systemic racism, as Padmini’s story thus far illustrates. Padmini begins her character arc by leaving an institution that is undervaluing her, but she does not do so willingly; rather, her employer’s concerns that she won’t “fit in” at the company reflect thinly veiled racism (and perhaps classism). As an immigrant, Padmini knows her education, career, and home can be stripped from her at any moment through the whims and errors of bureaucracy. When ICE shows up at her house, the officers first lie and say that they are the NYPD, and they then insist that they will be watching her despite Padmini’s aunt arguing that she is in good standing. Here, Jemisin shows the massive failings of structural power by depicting a branch of the government that is willing to indulge in lies, abuse power, and harass innocent people. Jemisin may use ICE as an example of systemic corruption because of the record numbers of people the agency detained and deported in the years preceding the book’s publication.
Many of the corrupt systems the novel depicts evade close public scrutiny by playing on public xenophobia. R’lyeh does so too, using a song that induces xenophobic and violent impulses. Once again, however, she is drawing on what already exists, as the introduction of a new antagonist—Ruben Panfilo—demonstrates. While Panfilo is just one man, he harnesses outsider judgment and misinformed, fearmongering opinions of New York City to make his case for change. Supporting him are the Proud Men, a group of riotous individuals who support Panfilo’s ideologies and do not care about law and order. Panfilo never denounces the Proud Men, and his silence is a glaring critique of the cut-throat political system, which encourages unscrupulous candidates to use any means to win, even at the expense of the public good (the purported goal of an elected official). In fact, Panfilo does more than ignore xenophobia; he engages in it directly, pointedly claiming in his first speech, “This is our city, not theirs” (18).
Nowhere does xenophobia so clearly show up as in R’lyeh’s attack on Padmini via a random man on the street. R’lyeh plays on this man’s worst fears; the fact that he is Black shows that xenophobia can infect anyone. He yells a variety of offensive things at Padmini, including racial slurs, and accuses her of stealing jobs. When he accuses her of spreading viruses, he is associating her with negative and harmful stereotypes about her culture. Jemisin illustrates the material effects of such beliefs by endowing them with the supernatural ability to strip away the avatars’ city-power, which they regain via demonstrations of their borough’s identity (e.g., the people who rally to Padmini during the attack). The war between the avatars and R’lyeh is, to a large extent, a war of ideas.
Jemisin also develops the theme of Family of Origin Versus Family of Choice, which plays out most notably in Manny and Neek’s struggle to commit to a relationship. Manny’s central conflict is whether to dig into his mysterious and forgotten past or to pursue a relationship with Neek. Although Manny is a character with a very strong sense of loyalty, he’s torn between these two choices because he is afraid of what either will reveal to him about himself. Because Manny is a queer character, these concerns can also be read as the coded anxieties of someone who has not yet fully embraced who he is and thus struggles to feel accepted by those closest to him. By contrast, Neek has already embraced his identity but holds others at arm’s length as a self-protective measure after being rejected by his family of origin.
By N. K. Jemisin