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47 pages 1 hour read

Ruby Bridges

Through My Eyes

Nonfiction | Biography | Middle Grade | Published in 1999

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Chapters 15-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “We Are Not Alone”

The Bridges family suffered for their leading position in the school desegregation movement. A white-owned grocery store refused to accept the family’s business after Ruby’s enrollment. Ruby’s grandparents called from Mississippi and expressed the concern that Mr. Bridges “would be lynched—murdered by a lawless mob,” as many innocent Black men were in the mid-20th century (36). Bridges was not keenly aware of the dangers the family faced as a child, though. Instead, she remembered financial concerns. Mr. Bridges was fired from his job despite high quality work, only because he allowed his daughter to attend William Frantz. His former employer outright admitted this fact (37).

Media coverage of the situation in Louisiana moved many viewers to action. Bridges remembers receiving gifts from around the nation because “many Americans wanted to encourage [the family]” (36-37). The family also received notes. A particularly special one came from former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. These gifts and letters helped the family materially and emotionally.

Chapter 16 Summary: “More Support as I Go Back to School”

The Bridges’s neighborhood was extremely supportive of the family, too, checking in and offering support. Neighbors even set up a nighttime watch to patrol the block and “make sure no one was prowling around” (38). Another neighbor offered Mr. Bridges a new job. By December, the family was receiving regular support from neighbors and still receiving gifts from people in the mail.

Protests were also losing steam and shrinking. “The people who came [to protest],” Bridges remembers, “were angry, loud militants, but the numbers were down” (38). Some white parents allowed their children to return to the school, although Ruby remained on her own for lessons.

Bridges notes in this chapter that John F. Kennedy was recently elected president, which meant that “segregationists in Baton Rouge knew that Washington would be less sympathetic to their cause than before” (39). Democrats embraced civil rights to a greater extent than their political opponents, and Kennedy was a Democrat.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Through the Winter with Mrs. Henry”

Chapter 17 is one of the longest chapters in the book and contains the longest excerpt from a source other than Bridges. Half of the chapter is an account written by Mrs. Barbara Henry, the first grade teacher.

Bridges describes the routine that she had adjusted to at school. “Being Mrs. Henry’s only student wasn’t a chore,” she says. “It was fun and felt sort of special” (40). Bridges felt like Mrs. Henry was a best friend and felt safe with her. The two rarely left the room even for exercise. Instead, they’d move desks and do jumping jacks together in the classroom. The reader learns that Mrs. Henry was from Boston, Massachusetts, and brought Northern conceptions of civil rights and a Bostonian accent with her to New Orleans. Even Mrs. Henry’s accent impacted Ruby, who began to lose her Southern drawl.

In Mrs. Henry’s account, the former teacher discusses how awed she was by Bridges and how much she cared about the young girl. She did not like the school administration and remembered, “Ruby and I were both treated as unwelcome outsiders” (42). Her whole year was very secretive, as very few people knew the details of her teaching assignment.

Chapter 18 Summary: “I Draw Pictures for Dr. Coles”

Over the winter, a child psychologist named Robert Coles contacted the Bridges family and began meeting with Ruby at their home. She thought that “he became interested in [her] and wondered how [she] could go through such an ordeal” (46). Bridges liked Dr. Coles, who was also visiting “with the three girls from McDonogh No. 19 and with the white children from each integrated school” (46). Coles routinely interviewed Bridges about how she was coping and asked her draw photos about her life and talk to him about the drawings (46). They would then discuss the pictures. Some of the drawings are reproduced in the book, including a self-portrait that Bridges drew at age seven. As a result of these visits, Dr. Coles and his wife became welcome guests in the Bridges home.

Chapters 15-18 Analysis

This section represents a turning point in the book, where the momentum for civil rights gained traction and how her family made it through such a tense and difficult time. The book’s tone shifts to one of hope as the previous section was characterized by the violence in New Orleans at the time of her public-school integration. Though that violence was always a foundational element to her young life at school, Bridges also recalls support and allyship from near and far.

Trusted adults played important roles in keeping Bridges safe and spreading her story to interested audiences later. Bridges’s close relationship with Mrs. Henry and Robert and Mrs. Coles forged positive relationships with the members of the Bridges family and helped positive ways to remove a sense of isolation for Bridges herself.

Much of the support that Bridges discusses, however, came from people she never knew. In and beyond African American communities, people rooted for her success and wanted to help, demonstrating the nationwide support the Bridges family and their integration efforts had on the country. The wide reach of Bridges’s story was something she slowly came to terms with over the course of her adult life. In this point in the narrative, the reader sees the impact Ruby Bridges’s story had and what it meant to many who encountered it and sympathized with the lone Black first-grader they saw on television or read about.

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